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Taking monocrystalline silicon to the ultimate lifetime limit
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Niewelt, T., Richter, A., Kho, T. C., Grant, Nicholas E., Bonilla, R. S., Steinhauser, B., Polzin, J.-I., Feldmann, F., Hermle, M., Murphy, John D., Phang, S. P., Kwapil, W. and Schubert, M. C. (2018) Taking monocrystalline silicon to the ultimate lifetime limit. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 185 . pp. 252-259. doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2018.05.040
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WRAP-taking-monocrystalline-silicon-ultimate-lifetime-limit-Murphy-2018.pdf - Published Version - Requires a PDF viewer. Available under License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. Download (2632Kb) | Preview |
Official URL: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2018.05.040
Abstract
A central quantity to assess the high quality of monocrystalline silicon (on scales beyond mere purity) is the minority charge carrier lifetime. We demonstrate that the lifetime in high purity float zone material can be improved beyond existing observations, thanks to a deeper understanding of grown-in defects and how they can be permanently annihilated. In a first step we investigate the influence of several process sequences on the lifetime by applying a low temperature superacid passivation treatment. We find that a pre-treatment consisting of an oxidation at 1050 °C followed by a POCl3 diffusion at 900 °C can improve the lifetime by deactivating or eliminating grown-in defects. Then, pre-treated wafers of different float zone materials are passivated with three state-of-the-art layer stacks. Very high effective lifetime values are measured, thereby demonstrating the high quality of the surface passivation schemes and the pre-treated silicon wafers. The measured effective lifetimes exceed previous records, and we report an effective lifetime of 225 ms measured on a 200 µm thick 100 Ω cm n-type silicon wafer symmetrically passivated with a layer stack of a thin thermally grown oxide and a polycrystalline layer (the TOPCon layer stack).
| Item Type: | Journal Article | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Subjects: | Q Science > QC Physics T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Science > Engineering | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Silicon, Superacids, Solar cells | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Publisher: | Elsevier Science BV | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ISSN: | 0927-0248 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Official Date: | October 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Volume: | 185 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Page Range: | pp. 252-259 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.solmat.2018.05.040 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Open Access | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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