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Subversion of host defense mechanisms by adenoviruses
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UNSPECIFIED (2002) Subversion of host defense mechanisms by adenoviruses. VIRAL PROTEINS COUNTERACTING HOST DEFENSES, 269 . pp. 273-318.
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Abstract
Adenoviruses (Ads) cause acute and persistent infections. Alike the much more complex herpesviruses, Ads encode numerous immunomodulatory functions. About a third of the viral genome is devoted to counteract both the innate and the adaptive antiviral immune response. Immediately upon infection, E1A blocks interferon-induced gene expression and the VA-RNA inhibits interferon-induced PKR activity. At the same time, E1A reprograms the cell for DNA synthesis and induces the intrinsic cellular apoptosis program that is interrupted by E1B/19K and E1B/55K proteins, the latter inhibits p53-mediated apoptosis. Most other viral stealth functions are encoded by a separate transcription units, E3. Several E3 products prevent death receptor-mediated apoptosis. E3/14.7K seems to interfere with the cytolytic and pro-inflammatory activities of TNF while E3/10.4K and 14.5K proteins remove Fas and TRAIL receptors from the cell surface by inducing their degradation in lysosomes. These and other functions that may afect granule-mediated cell death might drastically limit lysis by NK cells and cytotoxic T cells (CTL). Moreover, Ads interfere with recognition of infected cell by CTL. The paradigmatic E3/19K protein subverts antigen presentation by MHC class I molecules by inhibiting their transport to the cell surface. In concert, these viral countermeasures ensure prolonged survival in the infected host and, as a consequence, facilitate transmission. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of Ad-mediated immune evasion has stimulated corresponding research on other viruses. This knowledge will also be instrumental for designing better vectors for gene therapy and vaccination, and may lead to a more rational treatment of life-threatening Ad infections, e.g. in transplantation patients.
| Item Type: | Journal Item | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects: | Q Science > QR Microbiology > QR180 Immunology Q Science > QR Microbiology |
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| Series Name: | CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY | ||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | VIRAL PROTEINS COUNTERACTING HOST DEFENSES | ||||
| Publisher: | SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN | ||||
| ISSN: | 0070-217X | ||||
| Official Date: | 2002 | ||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 269 | ||||
| Number of Pages: | 46 | ||||
| Page Range: | pp. 273-318 | ||||
| Publication Status: | Published |
Data sourced from Thomson Reuters' Web of Knowledge
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