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Cross-cultural perspectives on personality and individual differences
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Allik, J. and Realo, Anu (2018) Cross-cultural perspectives on personality and individual differences. In: Zeigler-Hill, Virgil and Shackelford, Todd K., (eds.) The SAGE Handbook of Personality and Individual Differences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, pp. 303-320. ISBN 9781473948310
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Official URL: https://www.worldcat.org/title/sage-handbook-of-pe...
Abstract
Although Immanuel Kant (Kant, 2006/1798) made the ancient theory of four temperaments – choleric, melancholic, phlegmatic, and sanguine – popular, not only for his contemporaries but also for the following generations, nobody cared about measuring these and other individual differences for a long time. Except perhaps for Friedrich Bessel
(1784–1846), the astronomer at the Königsberg Observatory, who proposed that errors of astronomical observation may be due to individual differences of the observers but that these could be compensated for by constructing ‘personal equations’ which characterize
constant individual differences in the mean reaction times between two observers (Boring, 1929/1957). Prior to Axel Oehrn’s doctoral dissertation (Oehrn, 1889), which was done under the supervision of Emil Kraepelin at the Universität Dorpat (now known as the University of Tartu), there were only a few published studies on individual
differences. For example, Cattell (1890) proposed to measure an almost random collection of attributes – he called them ‘mental tests’ – including dynamometric pressure, bisection of a 50 cm line, and judgment of 10 seconds of time. Francis Galton (1890) who commented on Cattell’s paper in the same issue of Mind, pointed out the
need to learn which of these eclectic measures were most instructive for measuring mental faculties.
| Item Type: | Book Item | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science > Psychology | ||||||
| Publisher: | Sage | ||||||
| Place of Publication: | Thousand Oaks, CA | ||||||
| ISBN: | 9781473948310 | ||||||
| Book Title: | The SAGE Handbook of Personality and Individual Differences | ||||||
| Editor: | Zeigler-Hill, Virgil and Shackelford, Todd K. | ||||||
| Official Date: | May 2018 | ||||||
| Dates: |
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| Number of Pages: | 840 | ||||||
| Page Range: | pp. 303-320 | ||||||
| Status: | Not Peer Reviewed | ||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access | ||||||
| Related URLs: |
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