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Explaining how cognitive behavioral approaches work for low back pain
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Fordham, Beth, Ji, Chen, Hansen, Zara, Lall, Ranjit and Lamb, S. E. (Sallie E.) (2017) Explaining how cognitive behavioral approaches work for low back pain. Spine, 42 (17). E1031-E1039. doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000002066 ISSN 0362-2436.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/brs.0000000000002066
Abstract
Study Design. This is secondary research examining the longitudinal mediation effect within a structural equation model.
Objective. To identify possible mechanisms that mediate the effects of a cognitive behavioral approach upon disability and pain in low back pain patients.
Summary of Background Data. Cognitive behavioral interventions (CBIs) can improve pain and disability in low back pain (LBP) but the mechanisms of action are unclear. We used data from a large randomized controlled trial to investigate mediators of the treatment effect of CBI.
Methods. Pain self-efficacy, fear avoidance, and physical and mental functioning were selected as candidate mediators based on the theoretical rationale of the intervention. The primary treatment outcomes were the Roland Morris Questionnaire (RMDQ) and the modified Von Korff scale (MVK pain and disability) at 12 months. We used structural equation models to estimate the contribution of mediators. All models were tested for goodness-of-fit using x 2, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index, and Bentler Comparative Fit Index.
Results. We included 701 adults with LBP. The average RMDQ score at baseline for those on the intervention arm was 8.8 (Standard Deviation 5.0). The intervention was effective in reducing disability and pain at 12 months. Change in mental functioning was not a significant mediator. Changes to pain self-efficacy, fear avoidance, and physical functioning were causal mediators of the treatment effect at 12 months (RMDQ b = -0.149, P < 0.001; MVK-pain b = -0.181, P < 0.001 and MVK-disability b = -0.180, P < 0.001). Overall, the SEM model exceeded the threshold for acceptable goodness-of-fit.
Conclusion. Fear avoidance and self-efficacy were important causal mediators of the cognitive behavioral treatment effect. Self-assessed change in physical function was a causal mediator but mental functioning was not. This suggests people need to experience meaningful change in physical function and beliefs but not in mental functioning associated with LBP, to achieve a treatment benefit.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects: | R Medicine > R Medicine (General) | ||||||
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Clinical Trials Unit Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School |
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| Journal or Publication Title: | Spine | ||||||
| Publisher: | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | ||||||
| ISSN: | 0362-2436 | ||||||
| Official Date: | 1 September 2017 | ||||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 42 | ||||||
| Number: | 17 | ||||||
| Page Range: | E1031-E1039 | ||||||
| DOI: | 10.1097/brs.0000000000002066 | ||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access | ||||||
| Funder: | National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment (Great Britain) (NIHR HTA) |
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