Eldholm, Vegard, Rieux, Adrien, Monteserin, Johana, Lopez, Julia Montana, Palmero, Domingo, Lopez, Beatriz, Ritacco, Viviana, Didelot, Xavier and Balloux, Francois (2016) Impact of HIV co-infection on the evolution and transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. eLife, 5 . doi:10.7554/eLife.16644

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Abstract

The tuberculosis (TB) epidemic is fueled by a parallel Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic, but it remains unclear to what extent the HIV epidemic has been a driver for drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Here we assess the impact of HIV co-infection on the emergence of resistance and transmission of Mtb in the largest outbreak of multidrug-resistant TB in South America to date. By combining Bayesian evolutionary analyses and the reconstruction of transmission networks utilizing a new model optimized for TB, we find that HIV co-infection does not significantly affect the transmissibility or the mutation rate of Mtb within patients and was not associated with increased emergence of resistance within patients. Our results indicate that the HIV epidemic serves as an amplifier of TB outbreaks by providing a reservoir of susceptible hosts, but that HIV co-infection is not a direct driver for the emergence and transmission of resistant strains.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Divisions:	Faculty of Science > Life Sciences (2010- )
Journal or Publication Title:	eLife
Publisher:	eLife Sciences Publications Ltd.
ISSN:	2050-084X
Official Date:	9 August 2016
Dates:	Date Event 9 August 2016 Published 18 July 2016 Accepted
Volume:	5
DOI:	10.7554/eLife.16644
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access
Related URLs:	Other Repository

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