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Human amylase gene copy number variation as a determinant of metabolic state

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Elder, P. J. D., Ramsden, D. B., Burnett, D., Weickert, Martin O. and Barber, T. (Thomas) (2018) Human amylase gene copy number variation as a determinant of metabolic state. Expert Reviews in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 13 (4). pp. 193-205. doi:10.1080/17446651.2018.1499466

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Abstract

Introduction

Humans have multiple genes encoding amylase that are broadly divided into salivary (AMY1) and pancreatic (AMY2) genes. They exhibit some of the greatest copy numbers of any human gene, an expansion possibly driven by increased dietary starch intake. Within the population, amylase gene copy number is highly variable and there is evidence of an inverse association between AMY1 copy number and BMI.

Areas covered

We examine the evidence for the link between AMY1 and BMI, its potential mechanisms, and the metabolic effects of salivary and pancreatic amylase, both in the gastrointestinal tract and the blood.

Expert commentary

Salivary amylase may influence postprandial ‘cephalic phase’ insulin release, which improves glucose tolerance, while serum amylase may have insulin-sensitizing properties. This could explain the favorable metabolic status associated with higher AMY1 copy number. The association with BMI is harder to explain and is potentially mediated by increased flux of undigested starch into the ileum, with resultant effects on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), changes in gut microbiota and effects on appetite and energy expenditure in those with low copy number. Future research on the role of amylase as a determinant of metabolic health and BMI may lead to novel therapies to target obesity.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: R Medicine > RC Internal medicine
Divisions: Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Biomedical Sciences
Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Biomedical Sciences > Translational & Experimental Medicine
Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Obesity, Insulin resistance, Diabetes
Journal or Publication Title: Expert Reviews in Endocrinology and Metabolism
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISSN: 1744-6651
Official Date: 2018
Dates:
DateEvent
2018Published
30 July 2018Available
9 July 2018Accepted
Volume: 13
Number: 4
Page Range: pp. 193-205
DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2018.1499466
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Restricted or Subscription Access

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