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Human amylase gene copy number variation as a determinant of metabolic state
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Elder, P. J. D., Ramsden, D. B., Burnett, D., Weickert, Martin O. and Barber, T. (Thomas) (2018) Human amylase gene copy number variation as a determinant of metabolic state. Expert Reviews in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 13 (4). pp. 193-205. doi:10.1080/17446651.2018.1499466
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Abstract
Introduction
Humans have multiple genes encoding amylase that are broadly divided into salivary (AMY1) and pancreatic (AMY2) genes. They exhibit some of the greatest copy numbers of any human gene, an expansion possibly driven by increased dietary starch intake. Within the population, amylase gene copy number is highly variable and there is evidence of an inverse association between AMY1 copy number and BMI.
Areas covered
We examine the evidence for the link between AMY1 and BMI, its potential mechanisms, and the metabolic effects of salivary and pancreatic amylase, both in the gastrointestinal tract and the blood.
Expert commentary
Salivary amylase may influence postprandial ‘cephalic phase’ insulin release, which improves glucose tolerance, while serum amylase may have insulin-sensitizing properties. This could explain the favorable metabolic status associated with higher AMY1 copy number. The association with BMI is harder to explain and is potentially mediated by increased flux of undigested starch into the ileum, with resultant effects on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), changes in gut microbiota and effects on appetite and energy expenditure in those with low copy number. Future research on the role of amylase as a determinant of metabolic health and BMI may lead to novel therapies to target obesity.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||
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| Subjects: | R Medicine > RC Internal medicine | ||||||||
| Divisions: | Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Biomedical Sciences > Translational & Experimental Medicine Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School |
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| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Obesity, Insulin resistance, Diabetes | ||||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Expert Reviews in Endocrinology and Metabolism | ||||||||
| Publisher: | Taylor & Francis | ||||||||
| ISSN: | 1744-6651 | ||||||||
| Official Date: | 2018 | ||||||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 13 | ||||||||
| Number: | 4 | ||||||||
| Page Range: | pp. 193-205 | ||||||||
| DOI: | 10.1080/17446651.2018.1499466 | ||||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access |
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