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Graphene surface structure in aqueous media : evidence for an air-bubble layer and ion adsorption

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Zhou, Liangzhi, Islas, Luisa, Taylor, Nicholas, Bikondoa, Oier, Robles, Eric and Briscoe, Wuge H. (2019) Graphene surface structure in aqueous media : evidence for an air-bubble layer and ion adsorption. Carbon, 143 . pp. 97-105. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2018.10.093

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.10.093

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Abstract

Understanding graphene surface structure in aqueous media is essential for its biotechnological applications. Here, using synchrotron X-ray reflectivity (energy 14 keV), AFM imaging, and contact angle measurements, we have investigated the surface structure of CVD graphene on SiO 2 /Si in water and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 25-60 ºC. We found a diffuse layer immediately adjacent to graphene with a scattering length density (SLD) of 6.72×10 -6 Å -2 , attributed to the presence of air bubbles on graphene under water. AFM imaging was indicative of interfacial inhomogeneity, but did not provide conclusive topography information on the bubble-covered graphene-water interface. The diffuse layer diminished after the graphene was submerged in water for 24 h at 25 ºC. This is also evident from its enhanced wettability, with the water contact angle on graphene decreasing from 84.9±0.4° to 55.6±0.4° after submergence. An additional layer atop graphene appeared after soaking, with a thickness 10.1 Å, and a higher SLD of 19.5×10 -6 Å -2 at 25 ºC, which increased to 11.8 Å and 21.8×10 -6 Å -2 at 60 ºC in PBS, respectively. We discuss this observation in terms of ion mobility, possible form ation of a silanol layer on the SiO 2 substrate, and water structure disruption at higher temperatures.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
T Technology > TP Chemical technology
Divisions: Faculty of Science > Physics
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Graphene -- Surfaces, Biotechnology, Ion exchange
Journal or Publication Title: Carbon
Publisher: Pergamon
ISSN: 0008-6223
Official Date: March 2019
Dates:
DateEvent
March 2019Published
1 November 2018Available
30 October 2018Accepted
Volume: 143
Page Range: pp. 97-105
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2018.10.093
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Restricted or Subscription Access
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
EP/H034862/1[EPSRC] Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000266
EP/K035746/1[EPSRC] Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000266
UNSPECIFIED[RS] Royal Societyhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000288
Action CM1101European Cooperation in Science and Technologyhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000921
291231Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologíahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003141
Soft, Small, and Smart: Design, Assembly, and Dyna mics of Novel Nanoparticles for Novel Industrial Applications (NanoS3)H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actionshttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010665
29 0251Seventh Framework Programmehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100011102

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