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Elucidating the exceptional passivation effect of 0.8 nm evaporated aluminium on transparent copper films
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Bellchambers, Philip, Lee, Jaemin, Varagnolo, Silvia, Amari, Houari , Walker, Marc and Hatton, Ross A. (2018) Elucidating the exceptional passivation effect of 0.8 nm evaporated aluminium on transparent copper films. Frontiers in Materials, 5 . 71. doi:10.3389/fmats.2018.00071
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2018.00071
Abstract
Slab-like copper films with a thickness of 9 nm (~70 atoms) and sheet resistance of ≤ 9 Ω sq−1 are shown to exhibit remarkable long-term stability toward air-oxidation when passivated with an 0. 8 nm aluminium layer deposited by simple thermal evaporation. The sheet resistance of 9 nm Cu films passivated in this way, and lithographically patterned with a dense array of ~6 million apertures per cm2, increases by < 3.5% after 7,000 h exposure to ambient air. Using a combination of annular-dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy, nanoscale spatially resolved elemental analysis and atomic force microscopy, we show that this surprising effectiveness of this layer results from spontaneous segregation of the aluminium to grain boundaries in the copper film where it forms a ternary oxide plug at those sites in the metal film most vulnerable to oxidation. Crucially, the heterogeneous distribution of this passivating oxide layer combined with its very low thickness ensures that the underlying metal is not electrically isolated, and so this simple passivation step renders Cu films stable enough to compete with Ag as the base metal for transparent electrode applications in emerging optoelectronic devices.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | |||||||||
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| Subjects: | T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy | |||||||||
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science > Chemistry Faculty of Science > Physics |
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| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Metallic films, Copper, Aluminum | |||||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Frontiers in Materials | |||||||||
| Publisher: | Frontiers | |||||||||
| ISSN: | 2296-8016 | |||||||||
| Official Date: | 4 December 2018 | |||||||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 5 | |||||||||
| Article Number: | 71 | |||||||||
| DOI: | 10.3389/fmats.2018.00071 | |||||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | |||||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | |||||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Open Access | |||||||||
| RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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