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Ultra-short term HRV features as surrogates of short term HRV : a case study on mental stress detection in real life

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Castaldo, Rossana, Montesinos-Silva, Luis, Melillo, Paolo, James, Christopher J. and Pecchia, Leandro (2019) Ultra-short term HRV features as surrogates of short term HRV : a case study on mental stress detection in real life. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 19 (12). doi:10.1186/s12911-019-0742-y ISSN 1472-6947.

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-019-0742-y

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Abstract

Background

This paper suggests a method to assess the extent to which ultra-short Heart Rate Variability (HRV) features (less than 5 min) can be considered as valid surrogates of short HRV features (nominally 5 min). Short term HRV analysis has been widely investigated for mental stress assessment, whereas the validity of ultra-short HRV features remains unclear. Therefore, this study proposes a method to explore the extent to which HRV excerpts can be shortened without losing their ability to automatically detect mental stress.

Methods

ECGs were acquired from 42 healthy subjects during a university examination and resting condition. 23 features were extracted from HRV excerpts of different lengths (i.e., 30 s, 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, and 5 min). Significant differences between rest and stress phases were investigated using non-parametric statistical tests at different time-scales. Features extracted from each ultra-short length were compared with the standard short HRV features, assumed as the benchmark, via Spearman’s rank correlation analysis and Bland-Altman plots during rest and stress phases. Using data-driven machine learning approaches, a model aiming to detect mental stress was trained, validated and tested using short HRV features, and assessed on the ultra-short HRV features.

Results

Six out of 23 ultra-short HRV features (MeanNN, StdNN, MeanHR, StdHR, HF, and SD2) displayed consistency across all of the excerpt lengths (i.e., from 5 to 1 min) and 3 out of those 6 ultra-short HRV features (MeanNN, StdHR, and HF) achieved good performance (accuracy above 88%) when employed in a well-dimensioned automatic classifier.

Conclusion

This study concluded that 6 ultra-short HRV features are valid surrogates of short HRV features for mental stress investigation.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: Q Science > QP Physiology
Divisions: Other > Institute of Advanced Study
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > Engineering
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Heart beat, Stress (Psychology) -- Diagnosis
Journal or Publication Title: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making
Publisher: BioMed Central Ltd.
ISSN: 1472-6947
Official Date: 17 January 2019
Dates:
DateEvent
17 January 2019Published
10 January 2019Accepted
21 December 2017Submitted
Volume: 19
Number: 12
DOI: 10.1186/s12911-019-0742-y
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Open Access (Creative Commons)
Copyright Holders: Authors
Date of first compliant deposit: 23 January 2019
Date of first compliant Open Access: 23 January 2019
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
UNSPECIFIEDUniversity of Warwickhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000741
Health Technology Assessment (HTA) of Medical Devices (MDs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC)[EPSRC] Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000266
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