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Transformative learning as pedagogy for the health professions : a scoping review

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Bellagio Global Health Education Initiative (Including: Van Schalkwyk, Susan C., Hafler, Janet, Brewer, Timothy F., Maley, Moira A., Margolis, Carmi, McNamee, Lakshini, Meyer, Ilse, Peluso, Michael J., Schmutz, Ana M. S., Spak, Judy M. and Davies, David). (2019) Transformative learning as pedagogy for the health professions : a scoping review. Medical Education, 53 (6). pp. 547-558. doi:10.1111/medu.13804

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.13804

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Abstract

Context

Transformative learning (TL) has been described as learning that challenges established perspectives, leading to new ways of being in the world. As a learning theory it has resonated with educators globally, including those in the health professions. Described as a complex metatheory, TL has evolved over time, eliciting divergent interpretations of the construct. This scoping review provides a comprehensive synthesis of how TL is currently represented in the health professions education literature, including how it influences curricular activities, to inform its future application in the field.

Methods

Arksey and O'Malley's six‐step framework was adopted to review the period from 2006 to May 2018. A total of 10 bibliographic databases were searched, generating 1532 potential studies. After several rounds of review, first of abstracts and then of full texts, 99 studies were mapped by two independent reviewers onto the internally developed data extraction sheet. Descriptive information about included studies was aggregated. Discursive data were subjected to content analysis.

Results

A mix of conceptual and empirical research papers, which used a range of qualitative methodologies, were included. Studies from the USA, the UK and Australia were most prevalent. Insights relating to how opportunities for TL were created, how it manifests and influences behaviour, as well as how it is experienced, demonstrated much congruency. Conceptions of TL were seen to be clustered around the work of key theorists.

Conclusions

The training of health professionals often takes place in unfamiliar settings where students are encouraged to be active participants in providing care. This increases the opportunity for exposure to learning experiences that are potentially transformative, allowing for a pedagogy of uncertainty that acknowledges the complexity of the world we live in and questions what we believe we know about it. TL provides educators in the health professions with a theoretical lens through which they can view such student learning.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: R Medicine > R Medicine (General)
Divisions: Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences
Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences > Population, Evidence & Technologies (PET)
Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences > Social Science & Systems in Health (SSSH)
Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Medical education, Transformative learning
Journal or Publication Title: Medical Education
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc
ISSN: 0308-0110
Official Date: June 2019
Dates:
DateEvent
June 2019Published
14 February 2019Available
13 December 2018Accepted
Volume: 53
Number: 6
Page Range: pp. 547-558
DOI: 10.1111/medu.13804
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Publisher Statement: This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Bellagio Global Health Education Initiative (Including: Van Schalkwyk, Susan C., Hafler, Janet, Brewer, Timothy F., Maley, Moira A., Margolis, Carmi, McNamee, Lakshini, Meyer, Ilse, Peluso, Michael J., Schmutz, Ana M. S., Spak, Judy M. and Davies, David) (2019) Transformative learning as pedagogy for the health professions: a scoping review. Medical Education. doi:10.1111/medu.13804 (in Press), which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.13804. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.
Access rights to Published version: Restricted or Subscription Access

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