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One-step method to prepare starch-based superabsorbent polymer for slow release of fertilizer

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Xiao, Xiaoming, Yu, Long, Xie, Fengwei, Bao, Xianyang, Liu, Hongsheng, Ji, Zhili and Chen, Ling (2017) One-step method to prepare starch-based superabsorbent polymer for slow release of fertilizer. Chemical Engineering Journal, 309 . pp. 607-616. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2016.10.101

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.10.101

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Abstract

Here we report the use of a one-step process of reactive melt mixing to prepare starch-based superabsorbent polymers (SBSAPs) for the slow release of urea as a fertilizer. A modified twin-rotor mixer, with improved sealing to establish an oxygen-free environment, was used to study the chemical and physical reactions during the melt-processing through monitoring the temperature and torque. The effects of the initiator (ceric ammonium nitrate, or CAN), crosslinker (N,N′-methylene-bisacrylamide, or N,N′-MBA) and saponification agent (NaOH) under different reaction conditions (time, temperature, and shear intensity) were systematically studied. Also investigated was the effect of starch with different amylose content. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed that using this simple technique, SBSAPs were successfully prepared from either high-amylopectin starch (waxy corn starch) or high-amylose starch (Gelose 50) grafted with AM and crosslinked by N,N′-MBA. Gel strength was evaluated by rheometry, which revealed a significant increase in storage modulus (G′) obtained in the crosslinked high-amylose SBSAP gels. Also, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed a more sophisticated structural network with a smaller pore size in the crosslinked high-amylose gels. Urea as a fertilizer was embedded in the SBSAP gel network, and this network controlled the urea release in water. The release rate of urea depended on the gel strength, gel microstructure and water absorption capacity (WAC) of SAP, which was affected by the reaction conditions and degree of saponification.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: T Technology > TP Chemical technology
Divisions: Faculty of Science > Engineering
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Urea as fertilizer, Controlled release technology
Journal or Publication Title: Chemical Engineering Journal
Publisher: Elsevier BV
ISSN: 1385-8947
Official Date: 1 February 2017
Dates:
DateEvent
1 February 2017Published
21 October 2016Available
21 October 2016Accepted
Volume: 309
Page Range: pp. 607-616
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2016.10.101
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Restricted or Subscription Access
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
31130042 [NSFC] National Natural Science Foundation of Chinahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809
31571789[NSFC] National Natural Science Foundation of Chinahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809
B090600054STPGUNSPECIFIED
B010404002STPGUNSPECIFIED
2013C085Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Programhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100012541

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