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Chromosome-wide evolution and sex determination in the three-sexed nematode auanema rhodensis
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Tandonnet, Sophie, Koutsovoulos, Georgios D., Adams, Sally, Cloarec, Delphine, Parihar, Manish, Blaxter, Mark L. and Pires-da Silva, André Francisco (2019) Chromosome-wide evolution and sex determination in the three-sexed nematode auanema rhodensis. G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics, 9 (3). pp. 1211-1230. doi:10.1534/g3.119.0011 ISSN 2160-1836.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.119.0011
Abstract
Trioecy, a mating system in which males, females and hermaphrodites co-exist, is a useful system to investigate the origin and maintenance of alternative mating In the trioecious nematode Auanema rhodensis, males have one X chromosome (XO), whereas females and hermaphrodites have two (XX). The female versus hermaphrodite sex determination mechanisms have remained elusive. In this study, RNA-seq analyses show a 20% difference between the L2 hermaphrodite and female gene expression profiles. RNAi experiments targeting the DM (doublesex/mab-3) domain transcription factor dmd-10/11 suggest that the hermaphrodite sexual fate requires the upregulation of this gene. The genetic linkage map (GLM) shows that there is chromosome-wide heterozygosity for the X chromosome in F2 hermaphrodite-derived lines originated from crosses between two parental inbred strains. These results confirm the lack of recombination of the X chromosome in hermaphrodites, as previously reported. We also describe conserved chromosome elements (Nigon elements), which have been mostly maintained throughout the evolution of Rhabditina nematodes. The seven-chromosome karyotype of A. rhodensis, instead of the typical six found in other rhabditine species, derives from fusion/rearrangements events involving three Nigon elements. The A. rhodensis X chromosome is the smallest and most polymorphic with the least proportion of conserved genes. This may reflect its atypical mode of father-to-son transmission and its lack of recombination in hermaphrodites and males. In conclusion, this study provides a framework for studying the evolution of chromosomes in rhabditine nematodes, as well as possible mechanisms for the sex determination in a three-sexed species.
Item Type: | Journal Article | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Subjects: | Q Science > QL Zoology | |||||||||||||||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Life Sciences (2010- ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Nematodes -- Reproduction, Nematodes -- Genetics | |||||||||||||||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics | |||||||||||||||||||||
Publisher: | Genetics Society of America | |||||||||||||||||||||
ISSN: | 2160-1836 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Official Date: | April 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Number: | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Page Range: | pp. 1211-1230 | |||||||||||||||||||||
DOI: | 10.1534/g3.119.0011 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | |||||||||||||||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | |||||||||||||||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 18 March 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 25 March 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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