Adetokunboh, Olatunji O., Awotiwon, Ajibola, Ndwandwe, Duduzile, Uthman, Olalekan A. and Wiysonge, Charles S. (2019) The burden of vaccine-preventable diseases among HIV-infected and HIV-exposed children in sub-Saharan Africa : a systematic review and meta-analysis. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 15 (11). pp. 2590-2605. doi:10.1080/21645515.2019.1599676 ISSN 2164-5515.

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Abstract

There are knowledge gaps regarding evidence-based research on the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-exposed children aged <18 years in sub-Saharan Africa. It is therefore essential to determine the trend and burden of vaccine-preventable diseases. We completed a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify the incidence, prevalence and case-fatality rates (CFR) attributed to various vaccine-preventable diseases among HIV-infected and HIV-exposed children in sub-Saharan Africa. The trends in the prevalence of vaccine-preventable diseases among HIV-infected and HIV-exposed children were also determined. Nine studies on tuberculosis (TB) were pooled to give an overall incidence rate estimate of 60 (95% confidence interval [CI] 30-70) per 1,000 child-years. The incidence of pneumococcal infections varied between 109-1509 per 100,000 while pertussis was between 2.9 and 3.7 per 1000 child-year. Twenty-two TB prevalence studies reported an estimated prevalence of 16%. Fifteen prevalence studies on hepatitis B infection were pooled together with an estimated prevalence of 5%. The pooled prevalence for pneumococcal infections was 2% while rotavirus diarrhoea reported a prevalence of 13%. Twenty-nine studies on TB were pooled to give an overall CFR estimate of 17% while pneumococcal infections in HIV-infected and exposed children were pooled together with a resultant rate of 15%. Some of the vaccine-preventable diseases still have high incidences, prevalence and CFR among HIV-infected and HIV-exposed children. There is also a dearth of research data on the burden of several vaccine-preventable diseases among HIV-infected and exposed children and a need for more studies in this area.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	R Medicine > RJ Pediatrics > RJ101 Child Health. Child health services
Divisions:	Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School
SWORD Depositor:	Library Publications Router
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	HIV-positive children -- Treatment -- South Africa, AIDS vaccines -- South Africa
Journal or Publication Title:	Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
Publisher:	Landes Bioscience
ISSN:	2164-5515
Official Date:	22 May 2019
Dates:	Date Event 22 May 2019 Published 4 April 2019 Available 18 March 2019 Accepted
Volume:	15
Number:	11
Page Range:	pp. 2590-2605
DOI:	10.1080/21645515.2019.1599676
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Reuse Statement (publisher, data, author rights):	** From PubMed via Jisc Publications Router
Access rights to Published version:	Restricted or Subscription Access
Date of first compliant deposit:	5 June 2019
Date of first compliant Open Access:	4 April 2020
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:	Project/Grant ID RIOXX Funder Name Funder ID 106035 National Research Foundation (South Africa) http://viaf.org/viaf/137694659 108571 National Research Foundation (South Africa) http://viaf.org/viaf/137694659 UNSPECIFIED South African Medical Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001322

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