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Visualizing electrostatic gating effects in two-dimensional heterostructures

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Nguyen, Paul V., Teutsch, Natalie C., Wilson, Nathan P., Kahn, Joshua, Xia, Xue, Graham, Abigail J., Kandyba, Viktor, Giampietri, Alessio, Barinov, Alexei, Constantinescu, Gabriel C., Yeung, Nelson, Hine, Nicholas, Xu, Xiaodong, Cobden, David H. and Wilson, Neil R. (2019) Visualizing electrostatic gating effects in two-dimensional heterostructures. Nature, 572 . pp. 220-223. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1402-1

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1402-1

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Abstract

The ability to directly monitor the states of electrons in modern field-effect devices-for example, imaging local changes in the electrical potential, Fermi level and band structure as a gate voltage is applied-could transform our understanding of the physics and function of a device. Here we show that micrometre-scale, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (microARPES) applied to two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures affords this ability. In two-terminal graphene devices, we observe a shift of the Fermi level across the Dirac point, with no detectable change in the dispersion, as a gate voltage is applied. In two-dimensional semiconductor devices, we see the conduction-band edge appear as electrons accumulate, thereby firmly establishing the energy and momentum of the edge. In the case of monolayer tungsten diselenide, we observe that the bandgap is renormalized downwards by several hundreds of millielectronvolts-approaching the exciton energy-as the electrostatic doping increases. Both optical spectroscopy and microARPES can be carried out on a single device, allowing definitive studies of the relationship between gate-controlled electronic and optical properties. The technique provides a powerful way to study not only fundamental semiconductor physics, but also intriguing phenomena such as topological transitions and many-body spectral reconstructions under electrical control.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: Q Science > QC Physics
T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
Divisions: Faculty of Science > Physics
SWORD Depositor: Library Publications Router
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Heterostructures -- Research, Nanostructured materials, Emission spectroscopy, Graphene, Solid state electronics , Fermions
Journal or Publication Title: Nature
Publisher: Nature Publishing
ISSN: 0028-0836
Official Date: 8 August 2019
Dates:
DateEvent
8 August 2019Published
17 July 2019Available
7 May 2019Accepted
Date of first compliant deposit: 31 October 2019
Volume: 572
Page Range: pp. 220-223
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1402-1
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Restricted or Subscription Access
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
UNSPECIFIEDU.S. Department of Energyhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000015
DE-SC0019443Basic Energy Scienceshttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100006151
DE-SC0002197Basic Energy Scienceshttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100006151
DE-SC0018171Basic Energy Scienceshttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100006151
1719797Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Harvard Universityhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100013111
EP/P01139X/1[EPSRC] Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000266
EP/M508184/1[EPSRC] Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000266
EP/R513374/1[EPSRC] Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000266
UNSPECIFIEDUniversity of Warwickhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000741
Winton Programme for the Physics of SustainabilityUniversity of Cambridgehttp://viaf.org/viaf/153568718/#University_of_Cambridge.
UNSPECIFIEDCambridge Commonwealth, European and International Trusthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003343
EP/P022561/1[EPSRC] Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000266
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