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A standardised approach for the quantification of microstructure in 9CR steels
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West, G. D., Jabar, S., Shollock, B., Lolla, T. and Siefert, J. (2019) A standardised approach for the quantification of microstructure in 9CR steels. In: Joint EPRI-123 HiMAT Conference on advances in high temperature materials, Nagasaki, Japan, 20-24 Oct 2019. Published in: Joint EPRI-123HiMAT International Conference on Advances in High-Temperature Materials (2019) pp. 294-303. ISBN 9781627082716.
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Abstract
In order to understand the microstructural evolution during service that 9Cr steels experience it is important to be able to quantify key microstructural parameters that define the characteristics of the secondary phases (e.g. precipitated phases and inclusions) and the steel matrix. The average size of M23C6, Laves phase and MX particles in these materials have been reported in many studies, however comparability between these studies is compromised by variations in technique and different/incomplete reporting of procedure. This paper provides guidelines on what is required to accurately measure these parameters in a reproducible way, taking into account macro-scale chemical heterogeneities and the statistical number of particles required to make meaningful measurements.
Although international standards do exist for inclusion analysis, these standards were not developed to measure the number per unit area of hard particles that can act as creep cavity nucleation sites. In this work a standardized approach for measuring inclusions from this perspective is proposed. In addition the associated need to understand the segregation characteristics of the material are described, which in addition to defining the area that needs to be analysed to measure the average number of inclusions per unit area, also allows the maximum number of inclusions per unit area to be determined, a parameter which is more likely to define the damage tolerance of the material.
Item Type: | Conference Item (Paper) | ||||||
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group) | ||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Joint EPRI-123HiMAT International Conference on Advances in High-Temperature Materials (2019) | ||||||
Publisher: | ASM International | ||||||
ISBN: | 9781627082716 | ||||||
Official Date: | October 2019 | ||||||
Dates: |
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Page Range: | pp. 294-303 | ||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access | ||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 14 August 2019 | ||||||
Conference Paper Type: | Paper | ||||||
Title of Event: | Joint EPRI-123 HiMAT Conference on advances in high temperature materials | ||||||
Type of Event: | Conference | ||||||
Location of Event: | Nagasaki, Japan | ||||||
Date(s) of Event: | 20-24 Oct 2019 | ||||||
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