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The Forensic Restrictiveness Questionnaire : development, validation and revision

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Tomlin, Jack, Völlm, Birgit Angela, Furtado, Vivek, Egan, Vincent and Bartlett, Peter (2019) The Forensic Restrictiveness Questionnaire : development, validation and revision. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10 . 805. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00805 ISSN 1664-0640.

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00805

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Abstract

Introduction: Forensic psychiatric care is often practiced in closed institutions. These highly regulated, secure, and prescriptive environments arguably reduce patient autonomy, self-expression, and personhood. Taken together these settings are restrictive as patients’ active participation in clinical, organizational, community, and personal life-worlds are curtailed. The consequences of patients’ experiences of restrictiveness have not been explored empirically. This study aimed to develop a psychometrically-valid measure of experiences of restrictiveness. This paper presents the development, validation, and revision of the Forensic Restrictiveness Questionnaire (FRQ).

Methods: In total, 235 patients recruited from low, medium, and high secure hospitals across England completed the FRQ. The dimensionality of the 56-item FRQ was tested using Principle Axis Factor Analysis and parallel analysis. Internal consistency was explored with Cronbach’s α. Ward climate (EssenCES) and quality of life (FQL-SV) questionnaires were completed by participants as indicators of convergent validity. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Cronbach’s α guided the removal of items that did not scale adequately.

Results: The analysis indicated good psychometric properties. EFA revealed a unidimensional structure, suggesting a single latent factor. Convergent validity was confirmed as the FRQ was significantly negatively correlated with quality of life (Spearman’s ρ = −0.72) and ward climate (Spearman’s ρ = −0.61). Internal consistency was strong (α = 0.93). Forty-one items were removed from the pilot FRQ. The data indicate that a final 15-item FRQ is a valid and internally reliable measure.

Conclusion: The FRQ offers a novel and helpful method for clinicians and researchers to measure and explore forensic patients’ experiences of restrictiveness within secure hospitals.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology
Divisions: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences > Mental Health and Wellbeing
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Forensic psychiatry, Patients -- Treatment, Qualitative research, Mental health -- Research, Autonomy (Psychology) -- Patients, Psychometrics
Journal or Publication Title: Frontiers in Psychiatry
Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation
ISSN: 1664-0640
Official Date: 15 November 2019
Dates:
DateEvent
15 November 2019Published
11 October 2019Accepted
11 October 2019Accepted
Volume: 10
Article Number: 805
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00805
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Open Access (Creative Commons)
Date of first compliant deposit: 14 October 2019
Date of first compliant Open Access: 18 November 2019
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
ES/J500100/1[ESRC] Economic and Social Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000269

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