Tomlin, Jack, Völlm, Birgit Angela, Furtado, Vivek, Egan, Vincent and Bartlett, Peter (2019) The Forensic Restrictiveness Questionnaire : development, validation and revision. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10 . 805. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00805 ISSN 1664-0640.

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Abstract

Introduction: Forensic psychiatric care is often practiced in closed institutions. These highly regulated, secure, and prescriptive environments arguably reduce patient autonomy, self-expression, and personhood. Taken together these settings are restrictive as patients’ active participation in clinical, organizational, community, and personal life-worlds are curtailed. The consequences of patients’ experiences of restrictiveness have not been explored empirically. This study aimed to develop a psychometrically-valid measure of experiences of restrictiveness. This paper presents the development, validation, and revision of the Forensic Restrictiveness Questionnaire (FRQ).

Methods: In total, 235 patients recruited from low, medium, and high secure hospitals across England completed the FRQ. The dimensionality of the 56-item FRQ was tested using Principle Axis Factor Analysis and parallel analysis. Internal consistency was explored with Cronbach’s α. Ward climate (EssenCES) and quality of life (FQL-SV) questionnaires were completed by participants as indicators of convergent validity. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Cronbach’s α guided the removal of items that did not scale adequately.

Results: The analysis indicated good psychometric properties. EFA revealed a unidimensional structure, suggesting a single latent factor. Convergent validity was confirmed as the FRQ was significantly negatively correlated with quality of life (Spearman’s ρ = −0.72) and ward climate (Spearman’s ρ = −0.61). Internal consistency was strong (α = 0.93). Forty-one items were removed from the pilot FRQ. The data indicate that a final 15-item FRQ is a valid and internally reliable measure.

Conclusion: The FRQ offers a novel and helpful method for clinicians and researchers to measure and explore forensic patients’ experiences of restrictiveness within secure hospitals.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology
Divisions:	Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences > Mental Health and Wellbeing Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Forensic psychiatry, Patients -- Treatment, Qualitative research, Mental health -- Research, Autonomy (Psychology) -- Patients, Psychometrics
Journal or Publication Title:	Frontiers in Psychiatry
Publisher:	Frontiers Research Foundation
ISSN:	1664-0640
Official Date:	15 November 2019
Dates:	Date Event 15 November 2019 Published 11 October 2019 Accepted 11 October 2019 Accepted
Volume:	10
Article Number:	805
DOI:	10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00805
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access (Creative Commons)
Date of first compliant deposit:	14 October 2019
Date of first compliant Open Access:	18 November 2019
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:	Project/Grant ID RIOXX Funder Name Funder ID ES/J500100/1 [ESRC] Economic and Social Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000269

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