The Library

A genetic linkage map of Venturia inaequalis, the causal agent of apple scab

Tools

Xu, Xiangming, 1964-, Roberts, T. (Tony), Barbara, Dez J., Harvey, Nick G., Gao, Liqiang and Sargent, Daniel J.. (2009) A genetic linkage map of Venturia inaequalis, the causal agent of apple scab. BMC Research Notes, Vol.2 (No.163). ISSN 1756-0500

[img]
Preview
 PDF
WRAP_Barbara_bmc_venturia_prov.pdf - Requires a PDF viewer such as GSview, Xpdf or Adobe Acrobat Reader
Download (684Kb)

Abstract

Background

Venturia inaequalis is an economically-important disease of apple causing annual epidemics of scab worldwide. The pathogen is a heterothallic ascomycete with an annual cycle of sexual reproduction on infected apple leaf litter, followed by several cycles of asexual reproduction during the apple growing season. Current disease prevention is achieved mainly through scheduled applications of fungicides. Genetic linkage maps are essential for studying genome structure and organisation, and are a valuable tool for identifying the location of genes controlling important traits of interest such as avirulence, host specificity and mating type in V. inaequalis. In this study, we performed a wide cross under in vitro conditions between an isolate of V. inaequalis from China and one from the UK to obtain a genetically diverse mapping population of ascospore progeny isolates and produced a map using AFLP and microsatellite (SSR) markers.
Findings

Eighty-three progeny were obtained from the cross between isolates C1054 (China) x 01/213 (UK). The progeny was screened with 18 AFLP primer combinations and 31 SSRs, and scored for the mating type locus MAT. A linkage map was constructed consisting of 294 markers (283 AFLPs, ten SSRs and the MAT locus), spanning eleven linkage groups and with a total map length of 1106 cM. The length of individual linkage groups ranged from 30.4 cM (Vi-11) to 166 cM (Vi-1). The number of molecular markers per linkage group ranged from 7 on Vi-11 to 48 on Vi-3; the average distance between two loci within each group varied from 2.4 cM (Vi-4) to 7.5 cM (Vi-9). The maximum map length between two markers within a linkage group was 15.8 cM. The MAT locus was mapped to a small linkage group and was tightly linked to two AFLP markers. The map presented is over four times longer than the previously published map of V. inaequalis which had a total genetic distance of just 270 cM.
Conclusions

A genetic linkage map is an important tool for investigating the genetics of important traits in V. inaequalis such as virulence factors, aggressiveness and mating type. The linkage map presented here represents a significant improvement over currently published maps for studying genome structure and organisation, and for mapping genes of economic importance on the V. inaequalis genome.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: S Agriculture > SB Plant culture
Divisions: Faculty of Science > Life Sciences (2010- ) > Warwick HRI (2004-2010)
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Venturia inaequalis, Apple scab, Apples -- Diseases and pests, Fungal diseases of plants, Fungi -- Genetics
Journal or Publication Title: BMC Research Notes
Publisher: BioMed Central Ltd.
ISSN: 1756-0500
Official Date: 18 August 2009
Volume: Vol.2
Number: No.163
Identification Number: 10.1186/1756-0500-2-163
Status: Peer Reviewed
Access rights to Published version: Open Access
Funder: Great Britain. Dept. for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA), East Malling Trust for Horticultural Research (EMTHR)
Grant number: HH3232STF (DEFRA)
References:

1. MacHardy WE: Apple scab: biology, epidemiology, and management. St. Paul, MN: American Phytopathological Society; 1996.
2. Day P, Boome D, Keitt G: Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint. XI. The chromosome number. Am J Bot 1956, 43:835-838.
3. Gladieux P, Zhang X-G, Afoufa-Bastien D, Valdebenito Sanhueza R-M, Sbaghi M, Le Cam B: On the Origin and Spread of the Scab Disease of Apple: Out of Central Asia. PLoS ONE 2008, 3:e1455.
4. Tenzer I, Gessler C: Genetic diversity of Venturia inaequalis across Europe. Eur J Plant Pathol 1999, 105:545-552.
5. Tenzer I, Gessler C: Subdivision and genetic structure of four populations of Venturia inaequalis in Switzerland. Eur J Plant Pathol 1997, 103:565-571.
6. Barbara DJ, Roberts A, Xu X-M: Virulence characteristics of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) isolates from monoculture and mixed orchards. Plant Pathol 2008, 57:552-561.
7. Xu X-M, Yang J-R, Thakur V, Roberts AL, Barbara DJ: Population variation of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) isolates from Asia and Europe. Plant Dis 2008, 92:247-252.
8. Cozijnsen A, Popa K, Rolls B, Purwantara A, Howlett B: Genome analysis of the plant pathogenic fungus Leptosphaeria maculans: mapping mating type and host specificity loci. Mol Plant Pathol 2000, 1:293-302.
9. Jurgenson J, Bowden R, Zeller K, Leslie J, Alexandra N, Plattner R: A genetic map of Gibberella zea (Fusarium graminearum). Genetics 2002, 160:1451-1460.
10. Zhong S, Steffenson B, Martinez P, Ciuffetti L: A molecular genetic map and electrophoretic karyotype of the plant pathogenic fungus Cochliobolus sativus. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 2002, 15:481-492.
11. Pedersen C, Rasmussen S, Giese H: A genetic map of Blumeria graminis based on functional genes, avirulence genes, and molecular markers. Fungal Genet Biol 2002, 35:235-246.
12. Manzo-Sánchez G, Zapater M, Luna-Martínez M, Conde-Ferráez L, Carlier J, James-Kay A, Simpson J: Construction of a genetic linkage map of the fungal pathogen of banana Mycosphaerella fijiensis, causal agent of black leaf streak disease Curr Genet 2008, 53:299-311.
13. De Vos L, Myburg AA, Wingfield MJ, Desjardins AE, Gordon TR, Wingfield BD: Complete genetic linkage maps from an interspecific cross between Fusarium circinatum and Fusarium subglutinans. Fungal Genet Biol 2007, 44:701-714.
14. Muraguchi H, Ito Y, Kamada T, Yanagi S: A linkage map of the basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus based on random amplified polymorphic DNA and restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Fungal Genet Biol 2003, 40:93-102.
15. Lind M, Olson A, Stenlid J: An AFLP-marker based genetic linkage map of Heterobasidion annosum locating intersterility genes. Fungal Genet Biol 2005, 42:519-527.
16. Marra R, Huang J, Fung E, Nielsen K, Heitman J, Vilgalys R, Mitchell T: A genetic linkage map of Cryptococcus neoformans variety neoformans serotype D (Filobasidiella neoformans). Genetics 2004, 167:619-631.
17. Larraya L, Perez G, Ritter E, Pisabarro A, Ramirez L: Genetic linkage map of the edible basidiomycete Pleurotus ostreatus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000, 66:5290-5300.
18. May K, Whisson S, Zwart R, Searle I, Irwin J, Maclean D, Carroll B, Drenth A: Inheritance and mapping of 11 avirulence genes in Phytophthora sojae. Fungal Genet Biol 2002, 37:1-12.
19. Sicard D, Legg E, Brown S, Babu N, Ochoa O, Sudarshana P, Michelmore R: A genetic map of the lettuce downy mildew pathogen, Bremia lactucae, constructed from molecular markers and avirulence genes. Fungal Genet Biol 2003, 39:16-30.
20. Sierotzki H, Gessler C: Genetic analysis of a cross of two Venturia inaequalis strains that differ in virulence. J Phytopathol 1998, 146:515-519.
21. Tenzer I, degli Ivanissevich S, Morgante M, Gessler C: Identification of microsatellite markers and their application to population genetics of Venturia inaequalis. Phytopathology 1999, 89:748-753.
22. Guerin F, Franck P, Loiseau A, Devaux M, Le Cam B: Isolation of 21 new polymorphic microsatellite loci in the phytopathogenic fungus Venturia inaequalis. Mol Ecol Notes 2004, 4:268-270.
23. Sargent D, Hadonou A, Simpson D: Development and characterisation of polymorphic microsatellite markers from Fragaria viridis, a wild diploid strawberry. Mol Ecol Notes 2003, 3:550-552.
24. Voorrips R: MapChart: Software for the graphical presentation of linkage maps and QTLs. J Hered 2002, 93:77-78.
25. Bert P, Gharmet G, Sourdille P, Hayward M, Balfourer F: A high-density molecular map for the rye grass (Lolium perenne) using AFLP markers. Theor Appl Genet 1999, 99:445-452.
26. Paterson AH, Damon S, Hewitt JD, Zamir D, Rabinowitch HD, Lincoln SE, Lander ES, Tanksley SD: Mendelian factors underlying quantitative traits in tomato: Comparison across species, generations, and environments. Genetics 1991, 127:181-197.
27. Grandillo S, Tanksley SD: Genetic analysis of RFLPs, GATA microsatellites and RAPDs in a cross between L. esculentum and L. pimpenillifolium. Theor Appl Genet 1996, 92:957-965.
28. Sierotzki H, Gessler C: Inheritance of virulence of Venturia inaequalis toward Malus x domestica cultivars. J Phytopathol 1998, 146:509-514.
URI: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/1286

Request changes to a record

Actions (login required)

View Item View Item

Document Downloads

More statistics for this item...