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Using online patient feedback to improve NHS services : the INQUIRE multimethod study

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Powell, John, Atherton, Helen, Williams, Veronika, Mazanderani, Fadhila, Dudhwala, Farzana, Woolgar, Steve, Boylan, Anne-Marie, Fleming, Joanna, Kirkpatrick, Susan, Martin, Angela, van Velthoven, Michelle, de Iongh, Anya, Findlay, Douglas, Locock, Louise and Ziebland, Sue (2019) Using online patient feedback to improve NHS services : the INQUIRE multimethod study. Health Services and Delivery Research, 7 (38). pp. 1-150. doi:10.3310/hsdr07380 ISSN 2050-4349.

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hsdr07380

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Abstract

Background
Online customer feedback has become routine in many industries, but it has yet to be harnessed for service improvement in health care.

Objectives
To identify the current evidence on online patient feedback; to identify public and health professional attitudes and behaviour in relation to online patient feedback; to explore the experiences of patients in providing online feedback to the NHS; and to examine the practices and processes of online patient feedback within NHS trusts.

Design
A multimethod programme of five studies: (1) evidence synthesis and stakeholder consultation; (2) questionnaire survey of the public; (3) qualitative study of patients’ and carers’ experiences of creating and using online comment; (4) questionnaire surveys and a focus group of health-care professionals; and (5) ethnographic organisational case studies with four NHS secondary care provider organisations.

Setting
The UK.

Methods
We searched bibliographic databases and conducted hand-searches to January 2018. Synthesis was guided by themes arising from consultation with 15 stakeholders. We conducted a face-to-face survey of a representative sample of the UK population (n = 2036) and 37 purposively sampled qualitative semistructured interviews with people with experience of online feedback. We conducted online surveys of 1001 quota-sampled doctors and 749 nurses or midwives, and a focus group with five allied health professionals. We conducted ethnographic case studies at four NHS trusts, with a researcher spending 6–10 weeks at each site.

Results
Many people (42% of internet users in the general population) read online feedback from other patients. Fewer people (8%) write online feedback, but when they do one of their main reasons is to give praise. Most online feedback is positive in its tone and people describe caring about the NHS and wanting to help it (‘caring for care’). They also want their feedback to elicit a response as part of a conversation. Many professionals, especially doctors, are cautious about online feedback, believing it to be mainly critical and unrepresentative, and rarely encourage it. From a NHS trust perspective, online patient feedback is creating new forms of response-ability (organisations needing the infrastructure to address multiple channels and increasing amounts of online feedback) and responsivity (ensuring responses are swift and publicly visible).

Limitations
This work provides only a cross-sectional snapshot of a fast-emerging phenomenon. Questionnaire surveys can be limited by response bias. The quota sample of doctors and volunteer sample of nurses may not be representative. The ethnographic work was limited in its interrogation of differences between sites.

Conclusions
Providing and using online feedback are becoming more common for patients who are often motivated to give praise and to help the NHS improve, but health organisations and professionals are cautious and not fully prepared to use online feedback for service improvement. We identified several disconnections between patient motivations and staff and organisational perspectives, which will need to be resolved if NHS services are to engage with this source of constructive criticism and commentary from patients

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine
Divisions: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Great Britain. National Health Service -- Evaluation, Medical care -- Great Britain -- Evaluation, Patient satisfaction -- Great Britain, Patient participation -- Great Britain, Physicians (General practice) -- Rating of -- Great Britain
Journal or Publication Title: Health Services and Delivery Research
Publisher: NIHR Journals Library
ISSN: 2050-4349
Official Date: 30 October 2019
Dates:
DateEvent
30 October 2019Published
30 October 2019Accepted
Volume: 7
Number: 38
Page Range: pp. 1-150
DOI: 10.3310/hsdr07380
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Open Access (Creative Commons)
Date of first compliant deposit: 31 October 2019
Date of first compliant Open Access: 31 October 2019
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
UNSPECIFIEDHealth Services and Delivery Research Programmehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002001

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