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Fabrication of high permittivity resin composite for vat photopolymerization 3D printing : morphology, thermal, dynamic mechanical and dielectric properties
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Malas, Asish, Isakov, Dmitry, Couling, Kevin and Gibbons, Gregory John (2019) Fabrication of high permittivity resin composite for vat photopolymerization 3D printing : morphology, thermal, dynamic mechanical and dielectric properties. Materials, 12 (3818). pp. 1-13. doi:10.3390/ma12233818 ISSN 1996-1944.
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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12233818
Abstract
The formulation of a high dielectric permittivity ceramic/polymer composite feedstock for daylight vat photopolymerization 3D printing (3DP) is demonstrated, targeting 3DP of devices for microwave and THz applications. The precursor is composed of a commercial visible light photo-reactive polymer (VIS-curable photopolymer) and dispersed titanium dioxide (TiO2, TO) ceramic nano-powder or calcium copper titanate (CCT) micro-powder. To provide consistent 3DP processing from the formulated feedstocks, the carefully chosen dispersant performed the double function of adjusting the overall viscosity of the photopolymer and provided good matrix-to-filler bonding. Depending on the ceramic powder content, the optimal viscosities for reproducible 3DP with resolution better than 100 µm were η(TO) = 1.20 ± 0.02 Pa.s and η (CCT) = 0.72 ± 0.05 Pa.s for 20% w/v TO/resin and 20% w/v CCT/resin composites at 0.1 s−1 respectively, thus showing a significant dependence of the “printability” on the dispersed particle sizes. The complex dielectric properties of the as-3D printed samples from pure commercial photopolymer and the bespoke ceramic/photopolymer mixes are investigated at 2.5 GHz, 5 GHz, and in the 12–18 GHz frequency range. The results show that the addition of 20% w/v of TO and CCT ceramic powder to the initial photopolymer increased the real part of the permittivity of the 3DP composites from ε’ = 2.7 ± 0.02 to ε’(TO) = 3.88 ± 0.02 and ε’(CCT) = 3.5 ± 0.02 respectively. The present work can be used as a guideline for high-resolution 3DP of structures possessing high-ε.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||
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| Subjects: | T Technology > TS Manufactures | ||||||
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group) | ||||||
| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Manufacturing processes -- Automation, Production control -- Automation, CAD/CAM systems, Rapid prototyping -- Research, Nanotechnology -- Research | ||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Materials | ||||||
| Publisher: | M D P I AG | ||||||
| ISSN: | 1996-1944 | ||||||
| Official Date: | 20 November 2019 | ||||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 12 | ||||||
| Number: | 3818 | ||||||
| Page Range: | pp. 1-13 | ||||||
| DOI: | 10.3390/ma12233818 | ||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | ||||||
| Copyright Holders: | Creative Commons Attribution License | ||||||
| Date of first compliant deposit: | 27 November 2019 | ||||||
| RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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| Open Access Version: |
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