Murray, Gregory P. D., Lissenden, Natalie, Jones, Jeff, Voloshin, Vitaly, Toé, K. Hyacinthe, Sherrard-Smith, Ellie, Foster, Geraldine M., Churcher, Thomas S., Parker, Josephine E. A., Towers, Catherine E., N'Falé, Sagnon, Guelbeogo, Wamdaogo M., Ranson, Hilary, Towers, David P. and McCall, Philip J. (2019) Barrier bednets target malaria vectors and expand the range of usable insecticides. Nature Microbiology, 5 . pp. 40-47. doi:10.1038/s41564-019-0607-2

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Abstract

Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites occurs when nocturnal Anopheles mosquito vectors feed on human blood. In Africa, where malaria burden is highest, bednets treated with pyrethroid insecticide were highly effective in preventing mosquito bites and reducing transmission, and essential to achieving unprecedented reductions in malaria until 2015 (ref. ). Since then, progress has stalled , and with insecticidal bednets losing efficacy against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles vectors , methods that restore performance are urgently needed to eliminate any risk of malaria returning to the levels seen before their widespread use throughout sub-Saharan Africa . Here, we show that the primary malaria vector Anopheles gambiae is targeted and killed by small insecticidal net barriers positioned above a standard bednet in a spatial region of high mosquito activity but zero contact with sleepers, opening the way for deploying many more insecticides on bednets than is currently possible. Tested against wild pyrethroid-resistant A. gambiae in Burkina Faso, pyrethroid bednets with organophosphate barriers achieved significantly higher killing rates than bednets alone. Treated barriers on untreated bednets were equally effective, without significant loss of personal protection. Mathematical modelling of transmission dynamics predicted reductions in clinical malaria incidence with barrier bednets that matched those of 'next-generation' nets recommended by the World Health Organization against resistant vectors. Mathematical models of mosquito-barrier interactions identified alternative barrier designs to increase performance. Barrier bednets that overcome insecticide resistance are feasible using existing insecticides and production technology, and early implementation of affordable vector control tools is a realistic prospect.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QR Microbiology R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine R Medicine > RC Internal medicine
Divisions:	Faculty of Science > Engineering
SWORD Depositor:	Library Publications Router
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Malaria , Malaria -- Prevention, Malaria -- Prevention -- Equipment and supplies, Insecticide-treated mosquito nets
Journal or Publication Title:	Nature Microbiology
Publisher:	Nature Publishing Group
ISSN:	2058-5276
Official Date:	2 December 2019
Dates:	Date Event 2 December 2019 Published 11 October 2019 Accepted
Date of first compliant deposit:	8 January 2020
Volume:	5
Page Range:	pp. 40-47
DOI:	10.1038/s41564-019-0607-2
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Publisher Statement:	© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2019
Access rights to Published version:	Restricted or Subscription Access
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:	Project/Grant ID RIOXX Funder Name Funder ID MR/M011941/1 Medical Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000265 MC_PC_13069 Department for International Development http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000278 200222/Z/15/Z Wellcome Trust http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010269

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