Liu, Yiwen, Mendonca, Marina, Johnson, Samantha, O'Reilly, Helen, Bartmann, Peter, Marlow, Neil and Wolke, Dieter (2019) Testing the neurodevelopmental, trauma and developmental risk factor models of psychosis using a naturalistic experiment. Psychological Medicine . pp. 1-10. doi:10.1017/S0033291719003349 (In Press)

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Abstract

Background:
The neurodevelopmental and trauma theories are two widely cited models of psychosis. A third – the developmental risk factor model (DRFM) – recognises the combined role of neurodevelopmental risks and trauma. Our objective was to test these theories using preterm populations as a natural experiment, given the high prevalence of neurodevelopmental deficits and exposure to trauma.

Methods:
Two population-based preterm birth cohorts, the Bavarian Longitudinal Study (BLS; N = 399) and EPICure Study (N = 184), were included with term-born controls. Peer victimisation in childhood was assessed by parent and child report and psychotic experiences (PE) were assessed in early adulthood. Different models of psychosis were tested using regression and mediation analyses.

Results:
There was support for the trauma and DRFM in the BLS. Peer victimisation increased the risk of PE for preterm and term-born participants equally [odds ratio = 4.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.96–12.08]. There was an indirect effect where preterm children were more likely to be victimised, which subsequently increased risk of PE [β = 1.12 (s.e. = 0.61), 95% CI 0.11–2.48]. The results were replicated in EPICure.

Conclusions:
Exposure to trauma which is experienced more often by neurodevelopmental risk children rather than neurodevelopmental risk per se increases the risk of PE. The findings are consistent with the trauma model and DRFM. Interventions focused on reducing trauma may reduce the development of PE.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology R Medicine > RC Internal medicine R Medicine > RJ Pediatrics
Divisions:	Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences > Mental Health and Wellbeing Faculty of Science > Psychology Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Neurodevelopmental treatment , Psychic trauma , Psychoses -- Research
Journal or Publication Title:	Psychological Medicine
Publisher:	Cambridge University Press
ISSN:	0033-2917
Official Date:	9 December 2019
Dates:	Date Event 9 December 2019 Available 29 October 2019 Accepted
Date of first compliant deposit:	3 January 2020
Page Range:	pp. 1-10
DOI:	10.1017/S0033291719003349
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	In Press
Publisher Statement:	This article has been published in a revised form in Psychological Medicine http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291719003349. This version is free to view and download for private research and study only. Not for re-distribution, re-sale or use in derivative works. © Cambridge University Press 2019
Access rights to Published version:	Restricted or Subscription Access
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:	Project/Grant ID RIOXX Funder Name Funder ID PhD studentship University of Warwick http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000741 PKE24, JUG14, 01EP9504, and 01ER0801 Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010571 MR/J01107X/1 Medical Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000265 UCLH/UCL NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust/Institute of Cancer Research http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100014461 733280 (RECAP-Preterm) Horizon 2020 Framework Programme http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010661

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