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Interpretation and diversity of exoplanetary material orbiting white dwarfs

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Swan, Andrew, Farihi, Jay, Koester, Detlev, Hollands, Mark A., Parsons, Steven G., Cauley, P. Wilson, Redfield, Seth and Gaensicke, B. T. (2019) Interpretation and diversity of exoplanetary material orbiting white dwarfs. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 490 (1). pp. 202-218. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2337

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2337

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Abstract

Nine metal-polluted white dwarfs are observed with medium-resolution optical spectroscopy, where photospheric abundances are determined and interpreted by comparison with Solar system objects. An improved method for making such comparisons is presented, which overcomes potential weaknesses of prior analyses, with numerous sources of error considered to highlight the limitations on interpretation. The stars are inferred to be accreting rocky, volatile-poor asteroidal materials with origins in differentiated bodies, in line with the consensus model. The most heavily polluted star in the sample has 14 metals detected, and appears to be accreting material from a rocky planetesimal, whose composition is mantle-like with a small Fe–Ni core component. Some unusual abundances are present. One star is strongly depleted in Ca, while two others show Na abundances elevated above bulk-Earth abundances; it is speculated that either the latter reflect diversity in the formation conditions of the source material, or they are traces of past accretion events. Another star shows clear signs that accretion ceased around 5 Myr ago, causing Mg to dominate the photospheric abundances, as it has the longest diffusion time of the observed elements. Observing such post-accretion systems allows constraints to be placed on models of the accretion process.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: Q Science > QB Astronomy
Divisions: Faculty of Science > Physics
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): White dwarf stars , Extrasolar planets
Journal or Publication Title: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISSN: 1745-3933
Official Date: November 2019
Dates:
DateEvent
November 2019Published
4 October 2019Available
17 August 2019Accepted
Date of first compliant deposit: 13 January 2020
Volume: 490
Number: 1
Page Range: pp. 202-218
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz2337
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Publisher Statement: This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society following peer review. The version of record Andrew Swan, Jay Farihi, Detlev Koester, Mark Hollands, Steven Parsons, P Wilson Cauley, Seth Redfield, Boris T Gänsicke, Interpretation and diversity of exoplanetary material orbiting white dwarfs, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 490, Issue 1, November 2019, Pages 202–218, is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2337
Access rights to Published version: Restricted or Subscription Access
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
ST/R000476/1[STFC] Science and Technology Facilities Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000271
677706 (WD3D)Horizon 2020 Framework Programmehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010661
Ernest Rutherford Fellowship[STFC] Science and Technology Facilities Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000271
NASA Keck PI Data Award,NASA Exoplanet Science Institutehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100014227
ST/P000495/1[STFC] Science and Technology Facilities Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000271

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