CMS collaborations, LHCb collaborations (Including: Sahoo, Niladri, Swain, S. K., Back, J. J., Blake, T., Craik, Daniel, Crocombe, Andrew, Dossett, D., Gershon, T. J., Kreps, Michal, Langenbruch, Christoph, Latham, Thomas, O’Hanlon, Daniel, Pilar, T., Poluektov, Anton, Reid, Matthew M., Silva Coutinho, R., Wallace, Charlotte and Whitehead, M. (Mark)). (2015) Observation of the rare Bs0 →µ+µ− decay from the combined analysis of CMS and LHCb data. Nature, 522 (7554). pp. 68-72. doi:10.1038/nature14474 ISSN 0028-0836.

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Abstract

The standard model of particle physics describes the fundamental particles and their interactions via the strong, electromagnetic and weak forces. It provides precise predictions for measurable quantities that can be tested experimentally. The probabilities, or branching fractions, of the strange B meson () and the B0 meson decaying into two oppositely charged muons (μ+ and μ−) are especially interesting because of their sensitivity to theories that extend the standard model. The standard model predicts that the and decays are very rare, with about four of the former occurring for every billion mesons produced, and one of the latter occurring for every ten billion B0 mesons1. A difference in the observed branching fractions with respect to the predictions of the standard model would provide a direction in which the standard model should be extended. Before the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN2 started operating, no evidence for either decay mode had been found. Upper limits on the branching fractions were an order of magnitude above the standard model predictions. The CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) and LHCb (Large Hadron Collider beauty) collaborations have performed a joint analysis of the data from proton–proton collisions that they collected in 2011 at a centre-of-mass energy of seven teraelectronvolts and in 2012 at eight teraelectronvolts. Here we report the first observation of the µ+µ− decay, with a statistical significance exceeding six standard deviations, and the best measurement so far of its branching fraction. Furthermore, we obtained evidence for the µ+µ− decay with a statistical significance of three standard deviations. Both measurements are statistically compatible with standard model predictions and allow stringent constraints to be placed on theories beyond the standard model. The LHC experiments will resume taking data in 2015, recording proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 teraelectronvolts, which will approximately double the production rates of and B0 mesons and lead to further improvements in the precision of these crucial tests of the standard model.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QC Physics
Divisions:	Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Physics
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	B mesons -- Decay, Particles (Nuclear physics)
Journal or Publication Title:	Nature
Publisher:	Nature Publishing
ISSN:	0028-0836
Official Date:	13 May 2015
Dates:	Date Event 13 May 2015 Published 31 March 2015 Accepted
Volume:	522
Number:	7554
Page Range:	pp. 68-72
DOI:	10.1038/nature14474
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access (Creative Commons)
Date of first compliant deposit:	26 February 2020
Date of first compliant Open Access:	27 February 2020
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:	Project/Grant ID RIOXX Funder Name Funder ID UNSPECIFIED CERN http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100012470 UNSPECIFIED Campanha Nacional de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brazil) http://viaf.org/viaf/128445723 UNSPECIFIED Conselho nacional de desenvolvimento cientifico e tecnologico http://viaf.org/viaf/154202039 UNSPECIFIED Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro http://viaf.org/viaf/121741474 UNSPECIFIED Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004809 UNSPECIFIED [NSFC] National Natural Science Foundation of China http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809 UNSPECIFIED Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004617 UNSPECIFIED Germany. Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie http://viaf.org/viaf/145926534 UNSPECIFIED [DFG] Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659 UNSPECIFIED Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001656 UNSPECIFIED Science Foundation Ireland http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001602 UNSPECIFIED [INFN] Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004007 UNSPECIFIED National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004742 UNSPECIFIED [STFC] Science and Technology Facilities Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000271 UNSPECIFIED National Science Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100008982 UNSPECIFIED Austria. 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Leventis Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004117 UNSPECIFIED Alfred P. Sloan Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000879 UNSPECIFIED Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005156 UNSPECIFIED Belgian Federal Science Policy Office http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002749 UNSPECIFIED Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003132 UNSPECIFIED Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100005999 UNSPECIFIED Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001870 UNSPECIFIED European Commission http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 UNSPECIFIED Compagnia di San Paolo http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100007388 UNSPECIFIED Consorzio per la Fisica Trieste UNSPECIFIED 20108T4XTM Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED European Social Fund http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004895 UNSPECIFIED National Strategic Reference Framework UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Qatar National Research Fund http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100008982 UNSPECIFIED European Particle physics LatinAmerican NETwork UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED European Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000781 UNSPECIFIED Haute-Savoie (France). 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