Chapa-y-Lazo, Bernardo, Hamanaka, Motonari, Wray, Alexander, Balasubramanian, Mohan K. and Mishima, Masanori (2020) Polar relaxation by dynein-mediated removal of cortical myosin II. Journal of Cell Biology, 219 (8). e201903080. doi:10.1083/jcb.201903080 ISSN 0021-9525.

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Abstract

Nearly 6 decades ago, Lewis Wolpert proposed the relaxation of the polar cell cortex by the radial arrays of astral microtubules as a mechanism for cleavage furrow induction (White and Borisy, 1983; Wolpert, 1960). While this mechanism has remained controversial (Rappaport, 1996), recent work has provided evidence for polar relaxation by astral microtubules (Chen et al., 2008; Dechant and Glotzer, 2003; Foe and Dassow, 2008; Murthy and Wadsworth, 2008; Werner et al., 2007), although its molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, using C. elegans embryos, we show that polar relaxation is achieved through dynein-mediated removal of myosin II from the polar cortexes. Mutants that position centrosomes closer to the polar cortex accelerated furrow induction whereas suppression of dynein activity delayed furrowing. We provide evidence that dynein-mediated removal of myosin II from the polar cortexes triggers cortical flow towards the cell equator, which induces the assembly of the actomyosin contractile ring. These studies for the first time provide a molecular basis for the aster-dependent polar relaxation, which works in parallel with equatorial stimulation to promote robust cytokinesis.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Divisions:	Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Biomedical Sciences > Cell & Developmental Biology Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Journal or Publication Title:	Journal of Cell Biology
Publisher:	Rockefeller University Press
ISSN:	0021-9525
Book Title:	Polar relaxation by dynein-mediated removal of cortical myosin II
Official Date:	2020
Dates:	Date Event 2020 Published 4 June 2020 Available 4 May 2020 Accepted 2020 Submitted
Volume:	219
Number:	8
Article Number:	e201903080
DOI:	10.1083/jcb.201903080
Institution:	University of Warwick
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Reuse Statement (publisher, data, author rights):	© 2020 Chapa-y-Lazo et al. Originally published in Journal of Cell Biology. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201903080.
Access rights to Published version:	Restricted or Subscription Access
Copyright Holders:	The Authors
Date of first compliant deposit:	11 May 2020
Date of first compliant Open Access:	11 May 2020
Open Access Version:	bioRxiv

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