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Salt-concentrated acetate electrolytes for a high voltage aqueous Zn/MnO2 battery

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Chen, Shigang, Lan, Rong, Humphreys, John and Tao, Shanwen (2020) Salt-concentrated acetate electrolytes for a high voltage aqueous Zn/MnO2 battery. Energy Storage Materials, 28 . pp. 205-215. doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2020.03.011 ISSN 2405-8297.

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2020.03.011

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Abstract

Aqueous rechargeable Zn/MnO2 batteries are attractive due to their low-cost, high safety and use of non-toxic materials. In term of electrolyte materials, it is anticipated that an aqueous electrolyte with a wider electrochemical window will improve the stability and energy density. In this work, we investigated salt-concentrated electrolytes based on relatively inexpensive acetate salts. An electrochemical window of 3.4 ​V was achieved in salt-concentrated 1 ​m Zn(OAc)2+31 ​m KOAc electrolyte. Its total ionic conductivity is 2.96 ​× ​10-2 ​S ​cm-1 while the ionic conductivity of Zn2+ ions is 7.80 ​× ​10-3 ​S ​cm-1, estimated by a current interrupt method. This electrolyte is regarded as a mild alkaline environment with a pH value of 9.76, causing the different storage mechanism for anode with Zn2+ ions and, cathode with OH- ions as the charge carriers respectively. A Zn/MnO2 battery was assembled using 1 ​m Zn(OAc)2+31 ​m KOAc electrolyte, self-supported α-MnO2-TiN/TiO2 cathode and Zn foil anode. The Zn/MnO2 battery can be charged to 2.0 ​V versus Zn/Zn2+ and delivers discharge capacity and energy density of 304.6 ​mAh·g-1 (calculated on the mass of MnO2) or 0.32 mAh·cm-2 (calculated on the area of electrode) and, 368.5 ​Wh·kg-1 (calculated on the mass of MnO2) or 232.7 Wh·kg-1 (calculated on the total active mass of electrodes and electrolyte) in the first cycle under a current density of 100 mA·g-1 (~ C/3, based on the mass of MnO2) or 0.1 mA·cm-2 (based on the area of electrode). During cycling, the coulombic efficiency can be maintained around 99% and reached 99.9% during the 14-340th cycles. After the cycling tests, almost no dendrites were observed on the Zn foil anode attributing to the super-high salt concentration in that acetate-based electrolyte, which will benefit the stability of aqueous Zn/MnO2 batteries.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: Q Science > QD Chemistry
T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
T Technology > TP Chemical technology
Divisions: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > Engineering
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Storage batteries, Acetates, Electrolyte solutions
Journal or Publication Title: Energy Storage Materials
Publisher: Elsevier
ISSN: 2405-8297
Official Date: June 2020
Dates:
DateEvent
June 2020Published
14 March 2020Available
10 March 2020Accepted
Volume: 28
Page Range: pp. 205-215
DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2020.03.011
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Restricted or Subscription Access
Date of first compliant deposit: 23 April 2020
Date of first compliant Open Access: 14 March 2021

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