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The role of executive and general cognitive functioning in the attention problems of very and extremely preterm adults

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Eves, Robert, von Mühlenen, Adrian, Mendonça, Marina, Johnson, Samantha, OʼReilly, Helen, Bartmann, Peter, Marlow, Neil and Wolke, Dieter (2020) The role of executive and general cognitive functioning in the attention problems of very and extremely preterm adults. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 41 (6). pp. 461-469. doi:10.1097/DBP.0000000000000806 ISSN 0196-206X.

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000806

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Abstract

Objective:
To determine whether the attention problems in adults born very preterm/very low birth weight (VP/VLBW; <32 weeks' gestation/<1500 g) or extremely preterm (EP; <26 weeks' gestation) are associated with specific executive or general cognitive deficits.

Method:
Cohorts of VP/VLBW (the Bavarian Longitudinal Study [BLS]) and EP (the EPICure Study) participants were followed from birth to early adulthood, each also following a respective control group. Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms were assessed via self-report in both cohorts and additionally by parent report in the BLS. Participants in both cohorts also had their attention span rated by trained observers. Performed separately in each cohort, hierarchical regression analyses were used to assess whether the association between preterm birth status and attention problems remained after accounting for executive functioning (inhibitory control and working memory) in adulthood, childhood intelligence score (IQ), or sex.

Results:
In the discovery cohort of the BLS, significant differences were found between VP/VLBW adults and controls for parent-rated inattention (p < 0.001). However, for self-reported measures of ADHD, no significant differences were found in the BLS or in the EPICure replication cohort. In both cohorts, observer-rated attention spans were lower for VP/VLBW and EP participants in comparison to their respective control groups (p < 0.001). In final models for the BLS, inhibitory control and childhood IQ were significantly associated with parent-rated inattention symptoms (p < 0.006), whereas working memory and childhood IQ were significantly associated with observer-rated attention span (p < 0.001). The effect of childhood IQ on observer-rated attention span was replicated in EPICure.

Conclusion:
VP/VLBW and EP adults are at increased risk of observer-rated attention problems. These problems were predominantly associated with poorer general cognitive ability in early childhood and somewhat with adult executive functioning.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: R Medicine > RC Internal medicine
R Medicine > RJ Pediatrics
Divisions: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences > Mental Health and Wellbeing
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Psychology
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Premature infants, Premature infants -- Development, Premature infants -- Intelligence levels, Attention-deficit disorder in adults, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Cognition disorders
Journal or Publication Title: Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics
Publisher: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
ISSN: 0196-206X
Official Date: August 2020
Dates:
DateEvent
August 2020Published
27 April 2020Available
25 February 2020Accepted
Volume: 41
Number: 6
Page Range: pp. 461-469
DOI: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000806
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Reuse Statement (publisher, data, author rights): This is a non-final version of an article published in final form in Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics. doi:10.1097/DBP.0000000000000806
Access rights to Published version: Restricted or Subscription Access
Date of first compliant deposit: 7 May 2020
Date of first compliant Open Access: 27 April 2021
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
PKE24Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologiehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010571
JUG14Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologiehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010571
01EP9504Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologiehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010571
01ER0801Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologiehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010571
733280Horizon 2020 Framework Programmehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010661

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