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Immunological basis of genesis of hepatocellular carcinoma : unique challenges and potential opportunities through immunomodulation
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Jayant, Kumar, Habib, Nagy, Huang, Kai W., Podda, Mauro, Warwick, Jane and Arasaradnam, Ramesh P. (2020) Immunological basis of genesis of hepatocellular carcinoma : unique challenges and potential opportunities through immunomodulation. Vaccines, 8 (2). pp. 1-12. 247. doi:10.3390/vaccines8020247 ISSN 2076-393X.
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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020247
Abstract
A majority of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops in the setting of persistent chronic inflammation as immunological mechanisms have been shown to play a vital role in the initiation, growth and progression of tumours. The index review has been intended to highlight ongoing immunological changes in the hepatic parenchyma responsible for the genesis and progression of HCC. The in-situ vaccine effect of radiofrequency (RF) is through generation tumour-associated antigens (TAAs), following necrosis and apoptosis of tumour cells, which not only re-activates the antitumour immune response but can also act in synergism with checkpoint inhibitors to generate a superlative effect with intent to treat primary cancer and distant metastasis. An improved understanding of oncogenic responses of immune cells and their integration into signaling pathways of the tumour microenvironment will help in modulating the antitumour immune response. Finally, we analyzed contemporary literature and summarised the recent advances made in the field of targeted immunotherapy involving checkpoint inhibitors along with RF application with the intent to reinstate antitumour immunity and outline future directives in very early and early stages of HCC.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||
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| Subjects: | Q Science > QC Physics Q Science > QR Microbiology R Medicine > RC Internal medicine T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Clinical Trials Unit Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School |
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| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Liver -- Cancer , Immune response -- Regulation, Radio frequency , Cancer -- Immunological aspects | ||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Vaccines | ||||||
| Publisher: | MDPI | ||||||
| ISSN: | 2076-393X | ||||||
| Official Date: | 23 May 2020 | ||||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 8 | ||||||
| Number: | 2 | ||||||
| Page Range: | pp. 1-12 | ||||||
| Article Number: | 247 | ||||||
| DOI: | 10.3390/vaccines8020247 | ||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | ||||||
| Date of first compliant deposit: | 29 May 2020 | ||||||
| Date of first compliant Open Access: | 29 May 2020 | ||||||
| Open Access Version: |
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