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The emotional recall task
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Masitah, . (2018) The emotional recall task. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.
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Official URL: http://webcat.warwick.ac.uk/record=b3452967~S15
Abstract
Existing self-report affect scales typically involve recognition of emotions from a predetermined emotion checklist. Therefore, we propose an emotion scale that relies on recalled memory. Instead of asking people to evaluate their emotional experience in relation to a list of terms that may nor may not properly cover their entire emotion space, we ask people to produce 10 words that best describe their past emotions and then to rate how often they have experienced these emotions. The Emotion Recall Task (ERT) approach leverages on the more effortful and accurate retrieval and recognition processes and avoids many concerns that surround recognition-based affect scales such as emotional breadth and specificity. In comparisons with the PANAS, arguably the most commonly used affect scale, the ERT performs at least equally well in predicting related constructs such as well-being, life satisfaction and depression. In a test-retest validation study, the ERT is found to be a reliable instrument for deriving recalled emotion with correlations on par with other existing affect scales. This thesis further presents the ERT 2.0, which was constructed by allowing participants to rate their own valence and arousal on each emotion. The development of the ERT 2.0 increases the accessibility to conduct the ERT studies in different cultures and languages. To provide insight into the cognitive processes underlying emotional recall, a series of formal interviews with participants following the ERT revealed that most participants start by retrieving situational events they recently experienced and then select experiences that evoked specific emotions. Less frequently, people retrieved emotions first. This shows some distinct similar with other forms of semantic memory search. To provide a demonstration of the cultural validity of the ERT, a cultural project a cultural project was undertaken to compare Indonesian participants with American participants. The ERT result for Indonesian emotional expression provided a new insight contrasted with the established culture ideas, revealing that Indonesians’ recall-based affect may be less extreme and more negative than previously thought, despite Indonesians and Americans appearing to draw from a similar set of emotional words. In a further comparison, we developed the emotional literacy test (“name all the emotions you think of”) to understand how variability in the emotional lexicon influenced recalled emotions. The ERT was then compared with an emotional heuristic evaluation – the peak-end rule. Both peak and end emotions reflected a positive relationship with the ERT: peak and end emotions are both significantly predict independent components of the ERT variance and together explain approximately half of the variance of the ERT. The final chapter describes on how one’s own emotional lexicon influences the emotions that one recalls. By asking people listing all the emotions they can think of, we assess the extent to which their emotional lexicon can predict their ERT. To measure each individual’s emotional lexicon, we introduce emotional literacy.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD) | ||||
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Subjects: | B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology | ||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Emotions, Affect (Psychology), Psychological tests, Explicit memory | ||||
Official Date: | December 2018 | ||||
Dates: |
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Institution: | University of Warwick | ||||
Theses Department: | Department of Psychology | ||||
Thesis Type: | PhD | ||||
Publication Status: | Unpublished | ||||
Supervisor(s)/Advisor: | Hills, Thomas ; Brown, G. D. A. (Gordon D. A.) | ||||
Sponsors: | Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education | ||||
Format of File: | |||||
Extent: | x, 109 leaves : illustrations | ||||
Language: | eng |
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