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Evaluation of a non-aqueous vanadium redox flow battery using a deep eutectic solvent and graphene-modified carbon electrodes via electrophoretic deposition

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Chakrabarti, Barun, Rubio-Garcia, Javier, Kalamaras, Evangelos, Yufit, Vladimir, Tariq, Farid, Low, C. T. J., Kucernak, Anthony and Brandon, Nigel (2020) Evaluation of a non-aqueous vanadium redox flow battery using a deep eutectic solvent and graphene-modified carbon electrodes via electrophoretic deposition. Batteries, 6 (3). 38. doi:10.3390/batteries6030038

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries6030038

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Abstract

Common issues aqueous-based vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) face include low cell voltage due to water electrolysis side reactions and highly corrosive and environmentally unfriendly electrolytes (3 to 5 M sulfuric acid). Therefore, this investigation looks into the comparison of a highly conductive ionic liquid with a well-studied deep eutectic solvent (DES) as electrolytes for non-aqueous VRFBs. The latter solvent gives 50% higher efficiency and capacity utilization than the former. These figures of merit increase by 10% when nitrogen-doped graphene (N-G)-modified carbon papers, via a one-step binder-free electrophoretic deposition process, are used as electrodes. X-ray computed tomography confirms the enhancement of electrochemical surface area of the carbon electrodes due to N-G while electrochemical impedance spectra show the effect of its higher conductivity on improving RFB performance. Finally, potential strategies for the scaling-up of DES-based VRFBs using a simple economical model are also briefly discussed. From this study, it is deduced that more investigations on applying DESs as non-aqueous electrolytes to replace the commonly used acetonitrile may be a positive step forward because DESs are not only cheaper but also safer to handle, far less toxic, non-flammable, and less volatile than acetonitrile.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
Divisions: Faculty of Science > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group)
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Energy storage, Flow batteries
Journal or Publication Title: Batteries
Publisher: M D P I AG
ISSN: 2313-0105
Official Date: 13 July 2020
Dates:
DateEvent
13 July 2020Published
6 July 2020Accepted
Date of first compliant deposit: 7 October 2020
Volume: 6
Number: 3
Article Number: 38
DOI: 10.3390/batteries6030038
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Open Access
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
EP/R023034/1[EPSRC] Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000266
EP/L014289/1[EPSRC] Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000266
EP/P003494/1[EPSRC] Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000266
RGPIN-2018-03725[NSERC] Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canadahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000038
De-AC02-06CH11357U.S. Department of Energyhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000015
1122374National Science Foundationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100008982

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