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Surveillance of respiratory viruses among children attending a primary school in rural coastal Kenya

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Adema, Irene Wangwa, Kamau, Everlyn, Uchi Nyiro, Joyce, Otieno, Grieven P., Lewa, Clement, Munywoki, Patrick K. and Nokes, D. James (2020) Surveillance of respiratory viruses among children attending a primary school in rural coastal Kenya. Wellcome Open Research, 5 . 63. doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15703.2

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15703.2

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Abstract

Background: Respiratory viruses are primary agents of respiratory tract diseases. Knowledge on the types and frequency of respiratory viruses affecting school-children is important in determining the role of schools in transmission in the community and identifying targets for interventions.

Methods: We conducted a one-year (term-time) surveillance of respiratory viruses in a rural primary school in Kilifi County, coastal Kenya between May 2017 and April 2018. A sample of 60 students with symptoms of ARI were targeted for nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) collection weekly. Swabs were screened for 15 respiratory virus targets using real time PCR diagnostics. Data from respiratory virus surveillance at the local primary healthcare facility was used for comparison.

Results: Overall, 469 students aged 2-19 years were followed up for 220 days. A total of 1726 samples were collected from 325 symptomatic students; median age of 7 years (IQR 5-11). At least one virus target was detected in 384 (22%) of the samples with a frequency of 288 (16.7%) for rhinovirus, 47 (2.7%) parainfluenza virus, 35 (2.0%) coronavirus, 15 (0.9%) adenovirus, 11 (0.6%) respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and 5 (0.3%) influenza virus. The proportion of virus positive samples was higher among lower grades compared to upper grades (25.9% vs 17.5% respectively; χ2 = 17.2, P -value <0.001). Individual virus target frequencies did not differ by age, sex, grade, school term or class size. Rhinovirus was predominant in both the school and outpatient setting.

Conclusion: Multiple respiratory viruses circulated in this rural school population. Rhinovirus was dominant in both the school and outpatient setting and RSV was of notably low frequency in the school. The role of school children in transmitting viruses to the household setting is still unclear and further studies linking molecular data to contact patterns between the school children and their households are required.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: R Medicine > RJ Pediatrics
Divisions: Faculty of Science > Life Sciences (2010- )
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Respiratory infections in children -- Kenya
Journal or Publication Title: Wellcome Open Research
Publisher: F1000Research
ISSN: 2398-502X
Official Date: 24 September 2020
Dates:
DateEvent
24 September 2020Available
13 October 2020Accepted
6 April 2020Available
2020Submitted
Date of first compliant deposit: 22 October 2020
Volume: 5
Article Number: 63
DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15703.2
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Open Access
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
102975Wellcome Trusthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010269

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