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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

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Klionsky, Daniel J., Abdelmohsen, Kotb, Abe, Akihisa, Abedin, Md Joynal, Abeliovich, Hagai, Acevedo Arozena, Abraham, Adachi, Hiroaki, Adams, Christopher M., Adams, Peter D, Adeli, Khosrow et al.
(2021) Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition). Autophagy . doi:10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280 (In Press)

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280

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Abstract

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: Q Science > QH Natural history
R Medicine > RC Internal medicine
Divisions: Faculty of Science > Life Sciences (2010- )
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Cell death, Biological assay, Autophagic vacuoles, Cancer, Lysosomes
Journal or Publication Title: Autophagy
Publisher: Landes Bioscience
ISSN: 1554-8627
Official Date: 8 February 2021
Dates:
DateEvent
8 February 2021Published
1 September 2020Accepted
16 October 2020Submitted
Date of first compliant deposit: 16 February 2021
DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: In Press
Access rights to Published version: Open Access
Description:

4th edition

RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
Public Health Service grant GM131919National Institutes of Healthhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000002
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