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Screening and intervention to prevent falls and fractures in older people
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Fall Injury Trial Study Group (Including: Lamb, Sarah E., Bruce, Julie, Hossain, Anower, Ji, Chen, Longo, Roberta, Lall, Ranjit, Bojke, Chris, Hulme, Claire, Withers, Emma J., Finnegan, Susanne, Sheridan, Ray, Willett, Keith and Underwood, Martin). (2020) Screening and intervention to prevent falls and fractures in older people. New England Journal Of Medicine , 383 (19). pp. 1848-1859. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2001500 ISSN 0028-4793.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001500
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Community screening and therapeutic prevention strategies may reduce the incidence of falls in older people. The effects of these measures on the incidence of fractures, the use of health resources, and health-related quality of life are unknown.
METHODS
In a pragmatic, three-group, cluster-randomized, controlled trial, we estimated the effect of advice sent by mail, risk screening for falls, and targeted interventions (multifactorial fall prevention or exercise for people at increased risk for falls) as compared with advice by mail only. The primary outcome was the rate of fractures per 100 person-years over 18 months. Secondary outcomes were falls, health-related quality of life, frailty, and a parallel economic evaluation.
RESULTS
We randomly selected 9803 persons 70 years of age or older from 63 general practices across England: 3223 were assigned to advice by mail alone, 3279 to falls-risk screening and targeted exercise in addition to advice by mail, and 3301 to falls-risk screening and targeted multifactorial fall prevention in addition to advice by mail. A falls-risk screening questionnaire was sent to persons assigned to the exercise and multifactorial fall-prevention groups. Completed screening questionnaires were returned by 2925 of the 3279 participants (89%) in the exercise group and by 2854 of the 3301 participants (87%) in the multifactorial fall-prevention group. Of the 5779 participants from both these groups who returned questionnaires, 2153 (37%) were considered to be at increased risk for falls and were invited to receive the intervention. Fracture data were available for 9802 of the 9803 participants. Screening and targeted intervention did not result in lower fracture rates; the rate ratio for fracture with exercise as compared with advice by mail was 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91 to 1.59), and the rate ratio with multifactorial fall prevention as compared with advice by mail was 1.30 (95% CI, 0.99 to 1.71). The exercise strategy was associated with small gains in health-related quality of life and the lowest overall costs. There were three adverse events (one episode of angina, one fall during a multifactorial fall-prevention assessment, and one hip fracture) during the trial period.
CONCLUSIONS
Advice by mail, screening for fall risk, and a targeted exercise or multifactorial intervention to prevent falls did not result in fewer fractures than advice by mail alone. (Funded by the National Institute of Health Research; ISRCTN number, ISRCTN71002650. opens in new tab.)
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||
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| Subjects: | R Medicine > RC Internal medicine R Medicine > RD Surgery |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Clinical Trials Unit Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School |
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| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Fractures , Fractures in old age , Fractures in old age -- Prevention, Fractures in old age -- Treatment, Older people -- Wounds and injuries, Older people -- Wounds and injuries -- Prevention, Older people -- Wounds and injuries -- Treatment, Falls (Accidents) in old age , Falls (Accidents) in old age -- Prevention | ||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | New England Journal Of Medicine | ||||||
| Publisher: | Massachusetts Medical Society | ||||||
| ISSN: | 0028-4793 | ||||||
| Official Date: | 5 November 2020 | ||||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 383 | ||||||
| Number: | 19 | ||||||
| Page Range: | pp. 1848-1859 | ||||||
| DOI: | 10.1056/NEJMoa2001500 | ||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access | ||||||
| Date of first compliant deposit: | 9 November 2020 | ||||||
| Date of first compliant Open Access: | 5 May 2021 | ||||||
| RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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