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ALMA survey of lupus class III stars : early planetesimal belt formation and rapid disk dispersal

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Lovell, J. B., Wyatt, M. C., Ansdell, M., Kama, M., Kennedy, Grant M., Manara, C. F., Marino, S., Matrà, L., Rosotti, G., Tazzari, M., Testi, L. and Williams, J. P. (2020) ALMA survey of lupus class III stars : early planetesimal belt formation and rapid disk dispersal. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3335 (In Press)

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3335

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Abstract

Class III stars are those in star forming regions without large non-photospheric infrared emission, suggesting recent dispersal of their protoplanetary disks. We observed 30 class III stars in the 1-3 Myr Lupus region with ALMA at ∼856μm, resulting in 4 detections that we attribute to circumstellar dust. Inferred dust masses are 0.036 - 0.093M⊕, ∼1 order of magnitude lower than any previous measurements; one disk is resolved with radius ∼80 au. Two class II sources in the field of view were also detected, and 11 other sources, consistent with sub-mm galaxy number counts. Stacking non-detections yields a marginal detection with mean dust mass ∼0.0048M⊕. We searched for gas emission from the CO J=3-2 line, and present its detection to NO Lup inferring a gas mass (4.9 ± 1.1) × 10-5 M⊕ and gas-to-dust ratio 1.0 ± 0.4. Combining our survey with class II sources shows a gap in the disk mass distribution from 0.09 - 2M⊕ for >0.7M☉ Lupus stars, evidence of rapid dispersal of mm-sized dust from protoplanetary disks. The class III disk mass distribution is consistent with a population model of planetesimal belts that go on to replenish the debris disks seen around main sequence stars. This suggests that planetesimal belt formation does not require long-lived protoplanetary disks, i.e., planetesimals form within ∼2 Myr. While all 4 class III disks are consistent with collisional replenishment, for two the gas and/or mid-IR emission could indicate primordial circumstellar material in the final stages of protoplanetary disk dispersal. Two class III stars without sub-mm detections exhibit hot emission that could arise from ongoing planet formation processes inside ∼1 au.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: Q Science > QB Astronomy
Q Science > QC Physics
Divisions: Faculty of Science > Physics
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Circumstellar matter , Planetary systems, Interferometry, Disks (Astrophysics)
Journal or Publication Title: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISSN: 0035-8711
Official Date: 28 October 2020
Dates:
DateEvent
28 October 2020Available
22 October 2020Accepted
Date of first compliant deposit: 1 December 2020
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa3335
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: In Press
Publisher Statement: This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society following peer review. The version of record J B Lovell, M C Wyatt, M Ansdell, M Kama, G M Kennedy, C F Manara, S Marino, L Matrà, G Rosotti, M Tazzari, L Testi, J P Williams, ALMA Survey of Lupus Class III Stars: Early Planetesimal Belt Formation and Rapid Disk Dispersal, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, , staa3335[insert complete citation information here] is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3335
Access rights to Published version: Restricted or Subscription Access
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
postgraduate studentship[STFC] Science and Technology Facilities Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000271
UNSPECIFIEDRoyal Societyhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000288
016.Veni.192.233[NWO] Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoekhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003246
823823 Horizon 2020 Framework Programmehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010661
2014-2020.4.01.16-0029 KOMEETTartu Ülikoolhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100007821
823823 (DUSTBUSTERS)Horizon 2020 Framework Programmehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010661
FOR 2634/1 TE 1024/1-1[DFG] Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschafthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
ProgettiPremiali 2012 iALMA (CUP C52I13000140001)Italy.‏ Ministero dell'istruzione, dell'università e della ricercahttp://viaf.org/viaf/146392924
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