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Explaining ethnic violence : on the relevance of geographic, social, economic, and political factors in hate crimes on refugees
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Liebe, Ulf and Schwitter, Nicole (2021) Explaining ethnic violence : on the relevance of geographic, social, economic, and political factors in hate crimes on refugees. European Sociological Review, 37 (3). pp. 429-448. jcaa055. doi:10.1093/esr/jcaa055
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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcaa055
Abstract
Many Western societies experience recurring patterns of violence against ethnic minorities, immigrants, refugees, and other asylum seekers, making it important to better understand which conditions increase (or decrease) the likelihood of hate crimes. In this article, we test the relevance of different geographic, social, economic, and political conditions for attacks on refugees. To this end, we conduct an event-history analysis for Germany between 2014 and 2017, when Germany experienced a sharp rise and subsequent decline in assaults on refugees with up to 142 personal and miscellaneous (such as assaults and insults) and 11 arson attacks on refugee homes and refugees per week. We analyse these incidents at the district level and derive hypotheses from theoretical considerations on geographic proximity, social similarity, political opportunity structures, competition for resources, opportunities of contact with foreigners, and differences between East and West Germany. Irrespective of the type of attack, the results of Cox regression models support our theoretical reasoning on diffusion processes, geographical proximity, and the contact hypothesis. There is no support for the model-adopter similarity and competition-for-resources hypothesis. The type of violence matters with regard to the importance of political opportunity structures and differences between East and West Germany. Our findings show the importance of differentiating between different types of violence and accounting for the context-dependency of ethnic violence for future research.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||
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| Subjects: | D History General and Old World > DD Germany H Social Sciences > HM Sociology H Social Sciences > HV Social pathology. Social and public welfare |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Social Sciences > Sociology | ||||||||
| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Ethnic conflict , Ethnic conflict -- Germany, Germany -- Ethnic relations, Hate crimes , Refugees, Refugees -- Germany | ||||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | European Sociological Review | ||||||||
| Publisher: | Oxford University Press | ||||||||
| ISSN: | 0266-7215 | ||||||||
| Official Date: | June 2021 | ||||||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 37 | ||||||||
| Number: | 3 | ||||||||
| Page Range: | pp. 429-448 | ||||||||
| Article Number: | jcaa055 | ||||||||
| DOI: | 10.1093/esr/jcaa055 | ||||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||
| Reuse Statement (publisher, data, author rights): | This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in European Sociological Review following peer review. The version of record Ulf Liebe, Nicole Schwitter, Explaining Ethnic Violence: On the Relevance of Geographic, Social, Economic, and Political Factors in Hate Crimes on Refugees, European Sociological Review, 2021;, jcaa055, is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcaa055 | ||||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access |
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