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Anti-counterfeiting for polymer banknotes based on polymer substrate fingerprinting
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Wang, Shen, Toreini, Ehsan and Hao, Feng (2021) Anti-counterfeiting for polymer banknotes based on polymer substrate fingerprinting. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 16 . pp. 2823-2835. doi:10.1109/TIFS.2021.3067440 ISSN 1556-6013.
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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2021.3067440
Abstract
Polymer banknotes are the trend for printed currency and have been adopted by more than fifty countries worldwide. However, over the past years, the quantity of polymer counterfeits has been increasing, so has the quality of counterfeits. This shows that the initial advantage of bringing a new polymer technology to fight against counterfeiting is reducing. To maintain one step ahead of counterfeiters, we propose a novel anti-counterfeiting technique called Polymer Substrate Fingerprinting (PSF). Our technique is built based on the observation that the opacity coating, a critical step during the production of polymer notes, is a stochastic manufacturing process, leaving uneven thickness in the coating layer and the random dispersion of impurities from the ink. The imperfections in the coating layer result in random translucent patterns when a polymer banknote is back-lit by a light source. We show these patterns can be reliably captured by a commodity negative-film scanner and processed into a compact fingerprint to uniquely identify each banknote. Using an extensive dataset of 6,200 sample images collected from 340 UK banknotes, we show that our method can reliably authenticate banknotes, and is robust against rough daily handling of banknotes. Furthermore, we show the extracted fingerprints contain around 900 bits of entropy, which makes it extremely scalable to identify every polymer note circulated globally. As compared with previous or existing anti-counterfeiting mechanisms for banknotes, our method has a distinctive advantage: it ensures that even in the extreme case when counterfeiters have procured the same printing equipment and ink as used by a legitimate government, counterfeiting banknotes remains infeasible because of the difficulty to replicate a stochastic manufacturing process.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||
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Subjects: | H Social Sciences > HG Finance T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering |
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Computer Science | ||||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Bank notes -- Forgeries , Paper money design, Counterfeits and counterfeiting , Fingerprints -- Data processing, Biometric identification , Counterfeits and counterfeiting -- Prevention | ||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security | ||||||
Publisher: | IEEE | ||||||
ISSN: | 1556-6013 | ||||||
Official Date: | 19 March 2021 | ||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 16 | ||||||
Page Range: | pp. 2823-2835 | ||||||
DOI: | 10.1109/TIFS.2021.3067440 | ||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||
Reuse Statement (publisher, data, author rights): | © 2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. | ||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access | ||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 16 March 2021 | ||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 16 March 2021 | ||||||
Related URLs: | |||||||
Open Access Version: |
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