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Network community structure of substorms using SuperMAG magnetometers

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Orr, L., Chapman, Sandra C., Gjerloev, J. W. and Guo, W. (2021) Network community structure of substorms using SuperMAG magnetometers. Nature Communications, 12 (1). 1842. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22112-4 ISSN 2041-1723.

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22112-4

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Abstract

Geomagnetic substorms are a global magnetospheric reconfiguration, during which energy is abruptly transported to the ionosphere. Central to this are the auroral electrojets, large-scale ionospheric currents that are part of a larger three-dimensional system, the substorm current wedge. Many, often conflicting, magnetospheric reconfiguration scenarios have been proposed to describe the substorm current wedge evolution and structure. SuperMAG is a worldwide collaboration providing easy access to ground based magnetometer data. Here we show application of techniques from network science to analyze data from 137 SuperMAG ground-based magnetometers. We calculate a time-varying directed network and perform community detection on the network, identifying locally dense groups of connections. Analysis of 41 substorms exhibit robust structural change from many small, uncorrelated current systems before substorm onset, to a large spatially-extended coherent system, approximately 10 minutes after onset. We interpret this as strong indication that the auroral electrojet system during substorm expansions is inherently a large-scale phenomenon and is not solely due to many meso-scale wedgelets.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: Q Science > Q Science (General)
Q Science > QC Physics
Divisions: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Physics
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Magnetospheric substorms , System analysis , Auroral electrojet
Journal or Publication Title: Nature Communications
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
ISSN: 2041-1723
Official Date: 23 March 2021
Dates:
DateEvent
23 March 2021Published
26 February 2021Accepted
Volume: 12
Number: 1
Article Number: 1842
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22112-4
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Open Access (Creative Commons)
Date of first compliant deposit: 30 March 2021
Date of first compliant Open Access: 30 March 2021
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
FA9550-17-1-0054Air Force Office of Scientific Researchhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000181
ST/P000320/1Air Force Office of Scientific Researchhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000181

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