Liu, M., Qu, N., Shang, B., Chen, Yunfei and Gong, F. (2021) Energy and spectrum efficient blind equalization with unknown constellation for air-to-ground multipath UAV communications. IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking, 5 (3). pp. 1357-1368. doi:10.1109/TGCN.2021.3073914 ISSN 2473-2400.

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Abstract

In unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications, frequency-selective fading can severely deteriorate the quality of transmitted signal by generating undesired and disordered constellation diagrams due to scatters in the air-to-ground (ATG) mutipath channels. In this paper, we propose a low-overhead blind equalization method to combat frequency-selective fading in air-ground multipath UAV channels. Specifically, a pre-equalization method is proposed based on a constant modulus algorithm to restore the contour of the constellation diagram. Moreover, the similarity measure function and the difference measure function are derived using template matching to identify the constellation of M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation. Furthermore, we propose a weighted constant cross algorithm (WXA) to reduce the residual mean square error and construct a cross-shaped modulus value, by utilizing the statistical information of the identified normalized standard constellation diagrams and the equalizer output decision symbols’ weighting value. The proposed method requires less information and no training sequences and pilots, therefore, if achieves energy and spectrum efficient ATG multipath UAV communications. Simulation results show that the proposed WXA algorithm can reduce the residual mean square error convergence value between -22dB and -25dB, making it very useful for the equalization of the frequency-selective fading channel in typical UAV communication scenarios.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics
Divisions:	Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > Engineering
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Drone aircraft, Drone aircraft -- Control systems, Wireless communication systems, Aeronautics -- Communication systems
Journal or Publication Title:	IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking
Publisher:	IEEE
ISSN:	2473-2400
Official Date:	September 2021
Dates:	Date Event September 2021 Published 19 April 2021 Available 8 April 2021 Accepted
Volume:	5
Number:	3
Page Range:	pp. 1357-1368
DOI:	10.1109/TGCN.2021.3073914
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Reuse Statement (publisher, data, author rights):	© 2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.
Access rights to Published version:	Restricted or Subscription Access
Date of first compliant deposit:	19 April 2021
Date of first compliant Open Access:	21 April 2021
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:	Project/Grant ID RIOXX Funder Name Funder ID 62071364 [NSFC] National Natural Science Foundation of China http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809 020Z073081001 Aeronautical Science Foundation of China http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004750 JB210104 Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100012226 B08038 China. Jiao yu http://viaf.org/viaf/148944847
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