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REFRESH : a new approach to modeling dimensional biases in perceptual similarity and categorization
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Sanborn, Adam N., Heller, Katherine, Austerweil, Joseph L. and Chater, Nick (2021) REFRESH : a new approach to modeling dimensional biases in perceptual similarity and categorization. Psychological Review, 128 (6). pp. 1145-1186. doi:10.1037/rev0000310
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/rev0000310
Abstract
Much categorization behavior can be explained by family resemblance: New items are classified by comparison with previously learned exemplars. However, categorization behavior also shows a variety of dimensional biases, where the underlying space has so-called “separable” dimensions: Ease of learning categories depends on how the stimuli align with the separable dimensions of the space. For example, if a set of objects of various sizes and colors can be accurately categorized using a single separable dimension (e.g., size), then category learning will be fast, while if the category is determined by both dimensions, learning will be slow. To capture these dimensional biases, almost all models of categorization supplement family resemblance with either rule-based systems or selective attention to separable dimensions. But these models do not explain how separable dimensions initially arise; they are presumed to be unexplained psychological primitives. We develop, instead, a pure family resemblance version of the Rational Model of Categorization (RMC), which we term the Rational Exclusively Family RESemblance Hierarchy (REFRESH), which does not presuppose any separable dimensions in the space of stimuli. REFRESH infers how the stimuli are clustered and uses a hierarchical prior to learn expectations about the variability of clusters across categories. We first demonstrate the dimensional alignment of natural-category features and then show how through a lifetime of categorization experience REFRESH will learn prior expectations that clusters of stimuli will align with separable dimensions. REFRESH captures the key dimensional biases and also explains their stimulus-dependence and how they are learned and develop.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Subjects: | B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Divisions: | Faculty of Social Sciences > Warwick Business School > Behavioural Science Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Psychology Faculty of Social Sciences > Warwick Business School |
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| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Categorization (psychology), Identity (Psychology) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Psychological Review | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Publisher: | American Psychological Association | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ISSN: | 0033-295X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Official Date: | November 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Volume: | 128 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number: | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Page Range: | pp. 1145-1186 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DOI: | 10.1037/rev0000310 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Publisher Statement: | ©American Psychological Association, 2021. This paper is not the copy of record and may not exactly replicate the authoritative document published in the APA journal. Please do not copy or cite without author's permission. The final article is available, upon publication, at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/rev0000310 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Open Access | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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