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REFRESH : a new approach to modeling dimensional biases in perceptual similarity and categorization

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Sanborn, Adam N., Heller, Katherine, Austerweil, Joseph L. and Chater, Nick (2021) REFRESH : a new approach to modeling dimensional biases in perceptual similarity and categorization. Psychological Review, 128 (6). pp. 1145-1186. doi:10.1037/rev0000310 ISSN 0033-295X.

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/rev0000310

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Abstract

Much categorization behavior can be explained by family resemblance: New items are classified by comparison with previously learned exemplars. However, categorization behavior also shows a variety of dimensional biases, where the underlying space has so-called “separable” dimensions: Ease of learning categories depends on how the stimuli align with the separable dimensions of the space. For example, if a set of objects of various sizes and colors can be accurately categorized using a single separable dimension (e.g., size), then category learning will be fast, while if the category is determined by both dimensions, learning will be slow. To capture these dimensional biases, almost all models of categorization supplement family resemblance with either rule-based systems or selective attention to separable dimensions. But these models do not explain how separable dimensions initially arise; they are presumed to be unexplained psychological primitives. We develop, instead, a pure family resemblance version of the Rational Model of Categorization (RMC), which we term the Rational Exclusively Family RESemblance Hierarchy (REFRESH), which does not presuppose any separable dimensions in the space of stimuli. REFRESH infers how the stimuli are clustered and uses a hierarchical prior to learn expectations about the variability of clusters across categories. We first demonstrate the dimensional alignment of natural-category features and then show how through a lifetime of categorization experience REFRESH will learn prior expectations that clusters of stimuli will align with separable dimensions. REFRESH captures the key dimensional biases and also explains their stimulus-dependence and how they are learned and develop.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology
Divisions: Faculty of Social Sciences > Warwick Business School > Behavioural Science
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Psychology
Faculty of Social Sciences > Warwick Business School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Categorization (psychology), Identity (Psychology)
Journal or Publication Title: Psychological Review
Publisher: American Psychological Association
ISSN: 0033-295X
Official Date: November 2021
Dates:
DateEvent
November 2021Published
13 September 2021Available
19 May 2021Accepted
Volume: 128
Number: 6
Page Range: pp. 1145-1186
DOI: 10.1037/rev0000310
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Reuse Statement (publisher, data, author rights): ©American Psychological Association, 2021. This paper is not the copy of record and may not exactly replicate the authoritative document published in the APA journal. Please do not copy or cite without author's permission. The final article is available, upon publication, at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/rev0000310
Access rights to Published version: Open Access (Creative Commons)
Date of first compliant deposit: 24 May 2021
Date of first compliant Open Access: 1 July 2021
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
UNSPECIFIED[RS] Royal Societyhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000288
UNSPECIFIEDGatsby Charitable Foundationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000324
ES/K004948/1[ESRC] Economic and Social Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000269
817492-SAMPLINGEuropean Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000781
295917-RATIONALITYEuropean Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000781
ES/K002201/1[ESRC] Economic and Social Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000269
ES/P008976/1[ESRC] Economic and Social Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000269
RP2012-V-022Leverhulme Trusthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000275
EP/K039830/1Research Councils UKhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000690
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