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Clavibacter michiganensis downregulates photosynthesis and modifies monolignols metabolism revealing a crosstalk with tomato immune responses
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Tsitsekian, Dikran, Daras, Gerasimos, Karamanou, Konstantina, Templalexis, Dimitris, Koudounas, Konstantinos, Malliarakis, Dimitris, Koufakis, Theologos, Chatzopoulos, Dimitris, Goumas, Dimitris, Ntoukakis, Vardis, Hatzopoulos, Polydefkis and Rigas, Stamatis (2021) Clavibacter michiganensis downregulates photosynthesis and modifies monolignols metabolism revealing a crosstalk with tomato immune responses. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22 (16). e8442. doi:10.3390/ijms22168442 ISSN 1422-0067.
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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168442
Abstract
The gram-positive pathogenic bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) causes bacterial canker disease in tomato, affecting crop yield and fruit quality. To understand how tomato plants respond, the dynamic expression profile of host genes was analyzed upon Cmm infection. Symptoms of bacterial canker became evident from the third day. As the disease progressed, the bacterial population increased in planta, reaching the highest level at six days and remained constant till the twelfth day post inoculation. These two time points were selected for transcriptomics. A progressive down-regulation of key genes encoding for components of the photosynthetic apparatus was observed. Two temporally separated defense responses were observed, which were to an extent interdependent. During the primary response, genes of the phenylpropanoid pathway were diverted towards the synthesis of monolignols away from S-lignin. In dicots, lignin polymers mainly consist of G- and S-units, playing an important role in defense. The twist towards G-lignin enrichment is consistent with previous findings, highlighting a response to generate an early protective barrier and to achieve a tight interplay between lignin recomposition and the primary defense response mechanism. Upon progression of Cmm infection, the temporal deactivation of phenylpropanoids coincided with the upregulation of genes that belong in a secondary response mechanism, supporting an elegant reprogramming of the host transcriptome to establish a robust defense apparatus and suppress pathogen invasion. This high-throughput analysis reveals a dynamic reorganization of plant defense mechanisms upon bacterial infection to implement an array of barriers preventing pathogen invasion and spread.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | |||||||||
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| Subjects: | Q Science > QK Botany Q Science > QP Physiology Q Science > QR Microbiology S Agriculture > SB Plant culture |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Life Sciences (2010- ) | |||||||||
| SWORD Depositor: | Library Publications Router | |||||||||
| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Tomatoes , Tomatoes -- Disease and pest resistance , Clavibacter michiganensis , Gram-positive bacteria , RNA, Photosynthesis , Plant-pathogen relationships , Lignin , Plant immunology | |||||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences | |||||||||
| Publisher: | MDPI | |||||||||
| ISSN: | 1422-0067 | |||||||||
| Official Date: | 5 August 2021 | |||||||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 22 | |||||||||
| Number: | 16 | |||||||||
| Article Number: | e8442 | |||||||||
| DOI: | 10.3390/ijms22168442 | |||||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | |||||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | |||||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | |||||||||
| Date of first compliant deposit: | 25 August 2021 | |||||||||
| Date of first compliant Open Access: | 26 August 2021 | |||||||||
| RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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