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Discrimination between religious and non-religious groups : evidence from high-stakes exams
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Lavy, Victor, Sand, Edith and Shayo, Moses (2022) Discrimination between religious and non-religious groups : evidence from high-stakes exams. Economic Journal, 132 (646). pp. 2308-2324. doi:10.1093/ej/ueac014 ISSN 0013-0133.
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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueac014
Abstract
While religions frequently preach preferential treatment of fellow believers, the magnitude and economic implications of religiosity-based discrimination are largely unknown. Religiosity is often confounded with ethnicity, but it varies even within ethnicities and religious denominations. It is also seldom observed in administrative data. This paper exploits a setting that avoids these limitations. We analyse grading decisions in national matriculation exams in Israel, exploiting unique features that reveal student religiosity to the graders, and grader religiosity to the researcher. We find evidence of ingroup bias between religious and non-religious groups, but in our setting this effect is very small. There seem to be two main reasons. First, religious ingroup bias is limited to male graders only. Moreover, patterns of bunching in the grade distribution suggest the bias is primarily due to the religious—rather than secular—men. This is a small fraction of the grader population. A second potential reason is that many graders live in integrated communities. Our evidence suggests that living and working in close proximity to people with different levels of religiosity attenuates discrimination.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | |||||||||
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| Subjects: | B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BL Religion L Education > LB Theory and practice of education |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Social Sciences > Economics | |||||||||
| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Religious discrimination -- Israel, Examinations -- Israel -- Interpretation | |||||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Economic Journal | |||||||||
| Publisher: | Oxford University Press | |||||||||
| ISSN: | 0013-0133 | |||||||||
| Official Date: | 8 February 2022 | |||||||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 132 | |||||||||
| Number: | 646 | |||||||||
| Page Range: | pp. 2308-2324 | |||||||||
| DOI: | 10.1093/ej/ueac014 | |||||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | |||||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | |||||||||
| Reuse Statement (publisher, data, author rights): | This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Economic Journal following peer review. The version of record Victor Lavy, Edith Sand, Moses Shayo, Discrimination Between Religious and Non-Religious Groups: Evidence from Marking High-Stakes Exams, The Economic Journal, 2022;, ueac014, is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueac014 | |||||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access | |||||||||
| Date of first compliant deposit: | 16 August 2021 | |||||||||
| RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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