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Automated conversational agents for post-intervention follow-up : a systematic review

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Geoghegan, L., Scarborough, A., Wormald, J. C. R., Harrison, C .J., Collins, D., Gardiner, M., Bruce, J. (Julie) and Rodrigues, J. (2021) Automated conversational agents for post-intervention follow-up : a systematic review. BJS Open, 5 (4). zrab070. doi:10.1093/bjsopen/zrab070 ISSN 2474-9842.

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsopen/zrab070

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Abstract

Background
Advances in natural language processing and other machine learning techniques have led to the development of automated agents (chatbots) that mimic human conversation. These systems have mainly been used in commercial settings, and within medicine, for symptom checking and psychotherapy. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the acceptability and implementation success of chatbots in the follow-up of patients who have undergone a physical healthcare intervention.

Methods
A systematic review of MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-process, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, CENTRAL and the grey literature using a PRISMA-compliant methodology up to September 2020 was conducted. Abstract screening and data extraction were performed in duplicate. Risk of bias and quality assessments were performed for each study.

Results
The search identified 904 studies of which 10 met full inclusion criteria: three randomised control trials, one non-randomised clinical trial and six cohort studies. Chatbots were used for monitoring after the management of cancer, hypertension and asthma, orthopaedic intervention, ureteroscopy and intervention for varicose veins. All chatbots were deployed on mobile devices. A number of metrics were identified and ranged from a 31 per cent chatbot engagement rate to a 97 per cent response rate for system-generated questions. No study examined patient safety.

Conclusion
A range of chatbot builds and uses was identified. Further investigation of acceptability, efficacy and mechanistic evaluation in outpatient care pathways may lend support to implementation in routine clinical care.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA76 Electronic computers. Computer science. Computer software
R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine
Divisions: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School
SWORD Depositor: Library Publications Router
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Human-computer interaction, Natural language processing (Computer science), Medical innovations -- Evaluation, Medical care -- Technological innovations, Cancer
Journal or Publication Title: BJS Open
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISSN: 2474-9842
Official Date: 29 July 2021
Dates:
DateEvent
29 July 2021Published
17 June 2021Accepted
Volume: 5
Number: 4
Article Number: zrab070
DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab070
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Reuse Statement (publisher, data, author rights): ** From Europe PMC via Jisc Publications Router ** History: ppub 01-07-2021. ** Licence for this article: cc by
Access rights to Published version: Open Access (Creative Commons)
Date of first compliant deposit: 28 October 2021
Date of first compliant Open Access: 1 November 2021
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
NIHR300684[NIHR] National Institute for Health Researchhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000272
PDF-2017-10-075[NIHR] National Institute for Health Researchhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000272
Is Part Of: 1
Related URLs:
  • https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsopen/zrab070
  • https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC832034...
  • https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC832034...

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