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On the relation between active-region lifetimes and the autocorrelation function of light curves

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Santos, A. R. G., Mathur, S., Garcia, R. A., Cunha, M. S. and Avelino, P. P. (2021) On the relation between active-region lifetimes and the autocorrelation function of light curves. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 508 (1). pp. 267-278. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2402 ISSN 1365-2966.

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2402

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Abstract

Rotational modulation of stellar light curves due to dark spots encloses information on spot properties and, thus, on magnetic activity. In particular, the decay of the autocorrelation function (ACF) of light curves is presumed to be linked to spot/active-region lifetimes, given that some coherence of the signal is expected throughout their lifetime. In the literature, an exponential decay has been adopted to describe the ACF. Here, we investigate the relation between the ACF and the active-region lifetimes. For this purpose, we produce artificial light curves of rotating spotted stars with different observation, stellar, and spot properties. We find that a linear decay and respective time-scale better represent the ACF than the exponential decay. We therefore adopt a linear decay. The spot/active-region time-scale inferred from the ACF is strongly restricted by the observation length of the light curves. For 1-yr light curves our results are consistent with no correlation between the inferred and the input time-scales. The ACF decay is also significantly affected by differential rotation and spot evolution: strong differential rotation and fast spot evolution contribute to a more severe underestimation of the active-region lifetimes. Nevertheless, in both circumstances the observed time-scale is still correlated with the input lifetimes. Therefore, our analysis suggests that the ACF decay can be used to obtain a lower limit of the active-region lifetimes for relatively long-term observations. However, strategies to avoid or flag targets with fast active-region evolution or displaying stable beating patterns associated with differential rotation should be employed.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: Q Science > QB Astronomy
Divisions: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Physics
SWORD Depositor: Library Publications Router
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Low mass stars, Starspots , Variable stars -- Light curves
Journal or Publication Title: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
ISSN: 1365-2966
Official Date: November 2021
Dates:
DateEvent
November 2021Published
23 August 2021Available
17 August 2021Accepted
Volume: 508
Number: 1
Page Range: pp. 267-278
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stab2402
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Reuse Statement (publisher, data, author rights): This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2021 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society
Access rights to Published version: Restricted or Subscription Access
Date of first compliant deposit: 28 October 2021
Date of first compliant Open Access: 1 November 2021
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
NNX17AF27 [NASA] National Aeronautics and Space Administrationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000104
ST/T000252/1[STFC] Science and Technology Facilities Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000271
PID2019-107187GB-I00Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaciónhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004837
RYC-2015-17697 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaciónhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004837
UIDB/04434/2020Fundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaUNSPECIFIED
UIDP/04434/2020Fundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaUNSPECIFIED
PTDC/FIS-AST/30389/2017Fundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaUNSPECIFIED
UIDB/04434/2020Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino SuperiorUNSPECIFIED
UIDP/04434/2020Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino SuperiorUNSPECIFIED
PTDC/FIS-AST/30389/2017Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino SuperiorUNSPECIFIED
POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030389[ERDF] European Regional Development Fundhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100008530

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