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The paradox of social interaction : shared intentionality, we-reasoning and virtual bargaining
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Chater, Nick, Zeitoun, Hossam and Melkonyan, Tigran A. (2021) The paradox of social interaction : shared intentionality, we-reasoning and virtual bargaining. Psychological Review . (In Press)
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Abstract
Social interaction is both ubiquitous and central to understanding human behavior. Such interactions depend, we argue, on shared intentionality: the parties must form a common understanding of an ambiguous interaction (e.g., one person giving a present to another requires that both parties appreciate that a voluntary transfer of ownership is intended). Yet how can shared intentionality arise? Many well-known accounts of social cognition, including those involving “mind-reading,” typically fall into circularity and/or regress. For example, A’s beliefs and behavior may depend on her prediction of B’s beliefs and behavior; but B’s beliefs and behavior depend in turn on her prediction of A’s beliefs and behavior. One possibility is to embrace circularity and take shared intentionality as imposing consistency conditions on beliefs and behavior; but typically, there are many possible solutions and no clear criteria for choosing between them. We argue that addressing these challenges requires some form of we-reasoning; but that this raises the puzzle of how the collective agent (the “we”) arises from the individual agents. This puzzle can be solved by proposing that the will of the collective agent arises from a simulated process of bargaining: agents must infer what they would agree, were they able to communicate. This model explains how, and which, shared intentions are formed. We also propose that such “virtual bargaining” may be fundamental to understanding social interactions.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||||||
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| Subjects: | B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > B Philosophy (General) B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology H Social Sciences > H Social Sciences (General) |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Social Sciences > Warwick Business School > Behavioural Science Faculty of Social Sciences > Warwick Business School > Strategy & International Business Faculty of Social Sciences > Warwick Business School |
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| Journal or Publication Title: | Psychological Review | ||||||||||||
| Publisher: | American Psychological Association | ||||||||||||
| ISSN: | 0033-295X | ||||||||||||
| Official Date: | 2021 | ||||||||||||
| Dates: |
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| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||||||
| Publication Status: | In Press | ||||||||||||
| Publisher Statement: | ©American Psychological Association, 2021. This paper is not the copy of record and may not exactly replicate the authoritative document published in the APA journal. The final article is available, upon publication, at: [ARTICLE DOI] | ||||||||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access | ||||||||||||
| Copyright Holders: | American Psychological Association | ||||||||||||
| Funder: | ESRC, British Academy | ||||||||||||
| Grant number: | ES/R00787X/1, ES/P008976/1, SG170033 | ||||||||||||
| RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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