The Library

Spatial analysis of risk factors for childhood morbidity in Nigeria

Tools

Kandala, Ngianga-Bakwin, Ji, Chen, Stallard, Nigel, Stranges, Saverio and Cappuccio, Francesco P.. (2007) Spatial analysis of risk factors for childhood morbidity in Nigeria. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Vol.77 (No.4). pp. 770-779. ISSN 0002-9637

[img]
Preview
 PDF
WRAP_Kandala_770.pdf - Requires a PDF viewer such as GSview, Xpdf or Adobe Acrobat Reader
Download (398Kb)

Abstract

Recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) indicate a decline in
childhood vaccination coverage but a high prevalence of childhood diarrhea, cough, and fever. We used Nigerian DHS
data to investigate the impact of geographical factors and other important risk factors on diarrhea, cough, and fever using
geoadditive Bayesian semiparametric models. A higher prevalence of childhood diarrhea, cough, and fever is observed
in the northern and eastern states, while lower disease prevalence is observed in the western and southern states. In
addition, children from mothers with higher levels of education and those from poor households had a significantly lower
association with diarrhea; children delivered in hospitals, living in urban areas, or from mothers having received prenatal
visits had a significantly lower association with fever. Our maps are a novel and relevant tool to help local governments
to improve health-care interventions and achieve Millennium Development Goals (MDG4).

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: R Medicine > RJ Pediatrics > RJ101 Child Health. Child health services
Divisions: Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences > Population, Evidence & Technologies (PET) > Warwick Evidence
Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Children -- Death -- Nigeria
Journal or Publication Title: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Publisher: American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
ISSN: 0002-9637
Official Date: 2007
Volume: Vol.77
Number: No.4
Page Range: pp. 770-779
Status: Peer Reviewed
Access rights to Published version: Open Access
Description:

Final version (published as open access).
Funder: Economic and Social Research Council (Great Britain) (ESRC)
Grant number: RES-000-22-1221
References:

1. Oyedeji GA, Olamijulo SK, Osinaike AI, Esimai VC, Odunusi
EO, Aladekomo TA, 1995. Anthropometric measurement in
children aged 0–6 years in a Nigerian village. East Afr Med J
72: 523–526.
2. Adebayo SB, Fahrmeir L, 2005. Analysing child mortality in Nigeria
with geoadditive discrete-time survival models. Stat Med
24: 709–728.
3. Vaahtera M, Kulmala T, Maleta K, Cullinan T, Salin M-L,
Ashorn P, 2000. Epidemiology and predictors of infant morbidity
in rural Malawi. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 14: 363–371.
4. Lindskog U, Lindskog P, Gebre-Medhin M, 1987. Child health
and household water supply: a longitudinal study of growth
and its environmental determinants in rural Malawi. Hum Nutr
Clin Nutr 41: 409–423.
5. Yoannes AG, Streatfield K, Bost L, 1992. Child morbidity patterns
in Ethiopia. J Biosoc Sci 24: 143–155.
6. Kandala N-B, 2006. Bayesian geo-additive modelling of childhood
morbidity in Malawi. Appl Stochast Models Bus Ind 22:
139–154.
7. Fahrmeir L, Lang S, 2001. Bayesian inference for generalized
additive mixed models based on Markov random field priors.
Appl Stat 50: 201–220.
8. Filmer D, Pritchett L, 2001. Estimating wealth effects without
expenditure data—or tears: an application to educational enrollments
in states of India. Demography 38: 115–132.
9. Isabella S, Ziyane RN, 1999. The relationship between infant
feeding practices and diarrhoeal infections. J Adv Nurs 29:
721–726.
10. Fahrmeir L, Kneib T, Lang S, 2004. Penalized structured additive
regression for space–time data: a Bayesian perspective. Stat
Sinica 14: 731–761.
11. Kandala N-B, Madise NJ, 2004. Spatial epidemiology of child-
SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS FOR CHILDHOOD MORBIDITY IN NIGERIA 777
hood diseases in Malawi and Zambia. Afr Popul Stud 19
(Suppl B): 199–226.
12. Kammann EE, Wand MP, 2003. Geoadditive models. J R Stat Soc
C 52: 1–18.
13. Goldstein H, 1999. Multilevel Statistical Models. First internet
edition. London: Arnold. Available at: http://www.ats.ucla
.edu/stat/examples. Accessed January 24, 2007.
14. Lang S, Brezger A, 2004. Bayesian P-splines. J Comput Graph
Stat 13: 183–212.
15. Eilers PHC, Marx BD, 1996. Flexible smoothing with B-splines
and penalties (with discussion). Stat Sci 89: 89–121.
16. Besag J, York Y, Mollie A, 1991. Bayesian image restoration with
two applications in spatial statistics. Annu Inst Stat Math 43: 1–59.
17. Spiegelhalter D, Best N, Carlin B, Van der Line A, 2002. Bayesian
measures of models complexity and fit. J R Stat Soc Ser B
64: 1–34.
18. Kandala N-B, Ghilagaber G, 2006. A geo-additive Bayesian discrete-
time survival model and its application to spatial analysis
of childhood mortality in Malawi. Qual Quant: Int J Methodol
40: 935–957.
19. Adefolalu DO, 1986. Further aspects of Sahelian drought as evident
from rainfall regime of Nigeria. Meteorol Atmospher Phys
36: 277–295.
20. Aall C, Helsing E, 1976. The Sahelian drought II. J Trop Pediatr
Environ Child Health 22: 69–93.
21. Nwilo PC, Badejo OT, 2006. Impacts and management of oil spill
pollution along the Nigerian coastal areas. Administering Marine
Spaces: International Issues. FIG Publication No. 36. Fredriksberg,
Denmark: The International Federation of Surveyors
(FIG). ISBN: 87-90907-55-8. Available at: http://
www.fig.net/pub/figpub/pub36/chapters/chapter_8.pdf.
Accessed December 8, 2006.
22. Energy Information Administration, 2003. Nigeria: Environmental
Issues. Available at: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/
nigenv.html. Accessed November 1, 2006.
23. United Nations Development Programme, 2006. Niger Delta Human
Development Report. Available at: http://hdr.undp.org/
reports/detail_reports.cfm?view1060. Accessed November
1, 2006.
24. Ahiadeke C, 2000. Breast-feeding, diarrhoea and sanitation as
components of infant and child health: a study of large scale
survey data from Ghana and Nigeria. J Biosoc Sci 32: 47–61.
25. Woldermicael G, 2001. Diarrhoeal morbidity among young children
in Eritrea: environmental and socioeconomic determinants.
J Health Popul Nutr 19: 83–90.
26. Kandala N-B, Magadi MA, Madise NJ, 2006. An investigation of
district spatial variations of childhood diarrhoea and fever
morbidity in Malawi. Soc Sci Med 62: 1138–1152.
27. POLICY Project/Nigeria, 2002. Child Survival in Nigeria: Situation,
Response and Prospects—Key Issues. Available at: http://
www.policyproject.com/pubs/countryreports/NIG_CS.pdf. Accessed
November 1, 2006.
28. Guay LA, Ruff AJ, 2001. HIV and infant feeding—an ongoing
challenge. JAMA 286: 2462–2464.
29. Latham MC, Preble EA, 2000. Appropriate feeding methods for
infants of HIV infected mothers in sub-Saharan Africa. BMJ
320: 1656–1660.
30. Rutstein SO, 2005. Effects of preceding birth intervals on neonatal,
infant and under-five years mortality and nutritional status
in developing countries: evidence from the demographic
and health surveys. Int J Gynecol Obstet 89 (Suppl 1): S7–S24.
31. WHO/AFRO, 2004. Africa’s Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality
Rates Are among the Highest in the World. Brazzaville, Congo:
World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa. Available
at: http://www.afro.who.int/press/2004/pr20040218.html.
Accessed December 13, 2006.
URI: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/159

Request changes or add full text files to a record

Actions (login required)

View Item View Item

Document Downloads

More statistics for this item...