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Prenatal stress and offspring depression in adulthood : the mediating role of childhood trauma

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Liu, Yiwen, Heron, Jon, Hickman, Matthew, Zammit, Stanley and Wolke, Dieter (2022) Prenatal stress and offspring depression in adulthood : the mediating role of childhood trauma. Journal of Affective Disorders, 297 . pp. 45-52. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.019

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.019

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Abstract

Background:
There is repeated evidence for a prenatal programming effect for the development of offspring depression. However, examination of environmental influences along this pathway is sparse. This study aimed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of pre- and postnatal stress on offspring depression in adulthood, via increased exposure to childhood trauma.

Methods:
A large longitudinal population-based cohort (N=3506) was followed up from birth and assessed at 24 years. Diagnosis of depression was derived using the International Classification of Diseases – 10th revision (ICD-10). Two separate sources of pre- and postnatal stress were examined – maternal depression and family adversity, and childhood trauma was assessed prospectively across childhood until 17 years.

Results:
Both pre- and postnatal maternal depression and family adversity were associated with offspring depression at 24 years in simple logistic regression models. When all pathways were modelled simultaneously, only childhood trauma was directly associated with offspring depression, and mediated all pathways from both sources of pre- and postnatal stress to offspring depression (7-16% of the total effect mediated). Sensitivity analysis on specific trauma found stronger evidence for a mediated pathway via physical, emotional abuse and peer bullying, compared to emotional neglect, sexual abuse and domestic violence.

Conclusions:
These findings indicate that reducing childhood trauma could be a target to decrease depression in the general population, and the focus should also be on families at high risk of experiencing pre- or postnatal stress, to provide them with better support.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology
R Medicine > RC Internal medicine
R Medicine > RG Gynecology and obstetrics
R Medicine > RJ Pediatrics
Divisions: Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences
Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences > Mental Health and Wellbeing
Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Prenatal influences , Infant psychology, Infants -- Development, Pregnancy -- Complications , Postpartum depression, Postnatal care -- Psychological aspects, Depression, Mental -- Diagnosis , Psychic trauma in children
Journal or Publication Title: Journal of Affective Disorders
Publisher: Elsevier Science BV
ISSN: 0165-0327
Official Date: 15 January 2022
Dates:
DateEvent
15 January 2022Published
17 October 2021Available
15 October 2021Accepted
Volume: 297
Page Range: pp. 45-52
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.019
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Open Access
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
UNSPECIFIEDUniversity of Warwickhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000741
UNSPECIFIED[NIHR] National Institute for Health Researchhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000272
UNSPECIFIEDUniversity Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trusthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100012141
UNSPECIFIEDUniversity of Bristolhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000883
733280 (RECAP-Preterm)Horizon 2020 Framework Programmehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010661
MR/L022206/1[MRC] Medical Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000265
217065/Z/19/Z[MRC] Medical Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000265
217065/Z/19/ZWellcome Trusthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010269

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