UNSPECIFIED (1998) Cardiorespiratory responses to underwater treadmill walking in healthy females. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY AND OCCUPATIONAL PHYSIOLOGY, 77 (3). pp. 278-284. ISSN 0301-5548.

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Abstract

This study compared the cardiorespiratory responses of eight healthy women (mean age 30.25 years) to submaximal exercise on land (LTm) and water treadmills (WTm) in chest-deep water (Aquaciser). In addition, the effects of two different water temperatures were examined (28 and 36 degrees C). Each exercise test consisted of three consecutive 5-min bouts at 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 km.h(-1). Oxygen consumption ((V) over dot O-2) and heart rate (HR), measured using open-circuit spirometry and telemetry, respectively, increased linearly with increasing speed both in water and on land. At 3.5 km.h(-1) (V) over dot O-2 was similar across procedures [chi = 0.6 (0.05) l.min(-1)]. At 4.5 and 5.5 km.h(-1) (V) over dot O-2 was significantly higher in water than on land, but there was no temperature effect (WTm: 0.9 and 1.4, respectively; LTm: 0.8 and 0.9 l.min(-1), respectively). HR was significantly higher in WTm at 36 degrees C compared to WTm at 28 degrees C at all speeds, and compared to LTm at 4.5 and 5.5 km.h(-1) (P less than or equal to 0.003). The HR-(V) over dot O-2 relationship showed that at a (V) over dot O-2 of 0.9 l.min(-1), HR was higher in water at 36 degrees C (115 beats.min(-1)) than either on land (100 beats.min(-1)) or in water at 28 degrees C (99 beats.min(-1)). The Borg scale of perceived exertion showed that walking in water at 4.5 and 5.5 km.h(-1) was significantly harder than on land (WTm: 11.4 and 14, respectively; LTm: 9.9 and 11, respectively; P less than or equal to 0.001). These cardiorespiratory changes occurred despite a slower cadence in water (the mean difference at all speeds was 27 steps/min). Thus, walking in chest-deep water yields higher energy costs than walking at similar speeds on land. This data has implications for therapists working in hydrotherapy pools.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QP Physiology G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GV Recreation Leisure
Journal or Publication Title:	EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY AND OCCUPATIONAL PHYSIOLOGY
Publisher:	SPRINGER VERLAG
ISSN:	0301-5548
Official Date:	February 1998
Dates:	Date Event February 1998 UNSPECIFIED
Volume:	77
Number:	3
Number of Pages:	7
Page Range:	pp. 278-284
Publication Status:	Published

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