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A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Nigeria
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Olakunde, Babayemi O., Adeyinka, Daniel A., Olakunde, Olubunmi A., Uthman, Olalekan A., Bada, Florence O., Nartey, Yvonne A., Obiri-Yeboah, Dorcas, Paintsil, Elijah and Ezeanolue, Echezona E. (2021) A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Nigeria. PLoS One, 16 (10). e0259218. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0259218 ISSN 1932-6203.
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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259218
Abstract
Background: Nigeria has a high burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, commonly acquired through vertical transmission. However, there is a lack of an efficient surveillance system for monitoring and understanding the epidemiology of HBV among pregnant women. Building on a previous review on the prevalence of HBV in Nigeria (2000–2013), we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of HBV prevalence among pregnant women in Nigeria. Methods: Four electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Global Health, and Scopus were systematically searched from January 2014 to February 2021. We also searched the African Journal Online and manually scanned the reference lists of the identified studies for potentially eligible articles. Observational studies that reported the prevalence of HBsAg and/or HBeAg among pregnant women in peer-reviewed journals were included in the study. We performed a meta-analysis using a random-effects model. We defined HBV infection as a positive test to HBsAg. Results: From the 158 studies identified, 20 studies with a total sample size of 26, 548 were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women across the studies was 6.49% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.75–8.46%; I2 = 96.7%, p = 0.001; n = 20). The prevalence of HBV was significantly lower among pregnant women with at least secondary education compared with those with no education or primary education (prevalence ratio = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.58–0.87; n = 10). However, the prevalence of HBV was not significantly different by age, religion, marital status, or tribe. The prevalence of HBV was not significantly different among pregnant women with previous surgery, blood transfusion, multiple lifetime sex partners, tribal marks, tattoos, scarification, or sexually transmitted infections, compared with those without these risk factors. From a total sample size of 128 (n = 7), the pooled prevalence of HBeAg among HBV-infected pregnant women was 14.59% (95% CI = 4.58–27.99%; I2 = 65.5%, p = 0.01). Subgroup analyses of HBV infection by study region and screening method, and meta-regression analysis of the study year, sample size, and quality rating were not statistically significant. Conclusions: There is an intermediate endemicity of HBV infection among pregnant women in Nigeria. Interventions, such as routine antenatal HBV screening, antiviral prophylaxis for eligible pregnant women, and infant HBV vaccination should be scaled up for the prevention of perinatal transmission of HBV infection in Nigeria.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||
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Subjects: | H Social Sciences > HQ The family. Marriage. Woman Q Science > QR Microbiology R Medicine > RG Gynecology and obstetrics |
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School |
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SWORD Depositor: | Library Publications Router | ||||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Pregnant women -- Nigeria, Pregnant women -- Health and hygiene -- Nigeria, Pregnant women -- Health risk assessment -- Nigeria, Hepatitis B virus, Communicable diseases in pregnancy -- Nigeria, Virus diseases in pregnancy -- Nigeria, Pregnancy -- Complication -- Nigeria | ||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | PLoS One | ||||||
Publisher: | Public Library of Science | ||||||
ISSN: | 1932-6203 | ||||||
Official Date: | 29 October 2021 | ||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 16 | ||||||
Number: | 10 | ||||||
Article Number: | e0259218 | ||||||
DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pone.0259218 | ||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | ||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 3 November 2021 | ||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 3 November 2021 | ||||||
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