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Artificial inclusion environments - replicating industry in the laboratory
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Raviraj, Akalya, Spooner, S., Li, J., Kourra, N., Warnett, Jason M., Abbel, G., Tiekink, W., Williams, M. A., Davis, Claire and Sridharan, S. (2021) Artificial inclusion environments - replicating industry in the laboratory. Frontiers in Materials, 8 . 754284. doi:10.3389/fmats.2021.754284 ISSN 2296-8016.
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WRAP-artificial-inclusion-environments-replicating-industry-laboratory-2021.pdf - Published Version - Requires a PDF viewer. Available under License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. Download (2457Kb) | Preview |
Official URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2021.754284
Abstract
The authors present a series of complementary test methods which were developed and used to investigate reactions between high aluminium steel and silica rich inclusions. Non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) cause many defects in the final steel product, therefore the ability to track their size, morphology and composition and correlate this with fundamental reaction kinetics provides important knowledge to support the production of clean quality steel products. Novel steel grades such as TRIP, TWIP and low-density steels have high aluminium contents; aluminium is a readily oxidisable species presenting the potential for instability and excessive reaction with commonly used mould powders that contain silica. A novel combination of techniques including HT-CLSM (High-Temperature Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope), XCT (X-ray computed tomography) and SEM/EDS (scanning electron microscopy/electron dispersive spectroscopy) have been used to study the interaction of entrained mould powder inclusions with steel at high temperatures simulating industrial conditions. This report presents a discussion on the development of techniques and samples to achieve representative and repeatable results that can provide information on the complex chemical and physical interaction phenomena with confidence. Each experimental technique had its own learning points and consequent results. Outcomes presented include possible confirmation of the chemical reaction rate controlling step being aluminium mass transfer; heterogeneous local environmental conditions including fluidity and chemical composition; and occurrence of spontaneous emulsification where the mould powder inclusion breaks apart into a cloud of smaller fragments.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | |||||||||
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| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group) | |||||||||
| SWORD Depositor: | Library Publications Router | |||||||||
| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Aluminum, Aluminum -- Metallurgy , Reaction mechanisms (Chemistry), Steel -- Metallurgy, Silicon oxide | |||||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Frontiers in Materials | |||||||||
| Publisher: | Frontiers | |||||||||
| ISSN: | 2296-8016 | |||||||||
| Official Date: | 10 November 2021 | |||||||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 8 | |||||||||
| Article Number: | 754284 | |||||||||
| DOI: | 10.3389/fmats.2021.754284 | |||||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | |||||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | |||||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | |||||||||
| Date of first compliant deposit: | 21 December 2021 | |||||||||
| Date of first compliant Open Access: | 7 January 2022 | |||||||||
| RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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