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The changing face of AU Mic b : stellar spots, spin-orbit commensurability, and transit timing variations as seen by CHEOPS and TESS

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Szabó, Gy. M., Gandolfi, D., Brandeker, A., Csizmadia, Sz., Garai, Z., Billot, N., Broeg, C., Ehrenreich, D., Fortier, A., Fossati, L. et al.
(2021) The changing face of AU Mic b : stellar spots, spin-orbit commensurability, and transit timing variations as seen by CHEOPS and TESS. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 654 . A159. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140345

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140345

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Abstract

AU Mic is a young planetary system with a resolved debris disc showing signs of planet formation and two transiting warm Neptunes near mean-motion resonances. Here we analyse three transits of AU Mic b observed with the CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite (CHEOPS), supplemented with sector 1 and 27 Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometry, and the All-Sky Automated Survey from the ground. The refined orbital period of AU Mic b is 8.462995 ± 0.000003 d, whereas the stellar rotational period is Prot = 4.8367 ± 0.0006 d. The two periods indicate a 7:4 spin–orbit commensurability at a precision of 0.1%. Therefore, all transits are observed in front of one of the four possible stellar central longitudes. This is strongly supported by the observation that the same complex star-spot pattern is seen in the second and third CHEOPS visits that were separated by four orbits (and seven stellar rotations). Using a bootstrap analysis we find that flares and star spots reduce the accuracy of transit parameters by up to 10% in the planet-to-star radius ratio and the accuracy on transit time by 3–4 min. Nevertheless, occulted stellar spot features independently confirm the presence of transit timing variations (TTVs) with an amplitude of at least 4 min. We find that the outer companion, AU Mic c, may cause the observed TTVs.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: Q Science > QB Astronomy
Divisions: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Physics
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Planetary systems, Transits, Planets -- Orbits, Planets -- Origin
Journal or Publication Title: Astronomy & Astrophysics
Publisher: EDP Sciences
ISSN: 0004-6361
Official Date: 26 October 2021
Dates:
DateEvent
26 October 2021Published
28 July 2021Accepted
Volume: 654
Article Number: A159
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202140345
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Restricted or Subscription Access
Copyright Holders: © ESO 2021
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
724427[ERC] Horizon 2020 Framework Programmehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010661
UNSPECIFIED[SNSF] Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschunghttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001711
200020_172746[SNSF] Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschunghttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001711
837319Centre National d’Etudes Spatialeshttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002830
ST/M001296/1[STFC] Science and Technology Facilities Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000271
ST/M001040/1[STFC] Science and Technology Facilities Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000271
UNSPECIFIEDSwedish National Space Agencyhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001859
CEECIND/00826/2018Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologiahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
POPH/FSE (EC)Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologiahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
UNSPECIFIEDFonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRShttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002661
ESP2016-80435-C2-1-RMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovaciónhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004837
ESP2016-80435-C2-2-RMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovaciónhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004837
PGC2018-098153-B-C33Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaciónhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004837
PGC2018-098153-B-C31Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaciónhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004837
ESP2017-87676-C5-1-RMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovaciónhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004837
MDM-2017-0737Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaciónhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004837
4000124370European Space Agencyhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000844
IF/01312/2014/CP1215/CT0004Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologiahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
UID/FIS/04434/2019Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologiahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
UIDB/04434/2020Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologiahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
UIDP/04434/2020Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologiahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
PTDC/FIS-AST/32113/2017Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologiahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032113Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologiahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028953Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologiahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
PTDC/FIS-AST/28987/2017 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologiahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028987Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologiahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
PP00P2-190080[SNSF] Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschunghttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001711
2018.2323 Fondazione CRThttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100007364
DNR 65/19Swedish National Space Agencyhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001859
174/18Swedish National Space Agencyhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001859
ANR-10-EQPX-29-01[ANR] Agence Nationale de la Recherchehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001665
327127Simons Foundationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000893
PGC2018-098153-B-C33Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaciónhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004837
CERCA programmeGeneralitat de Catalunyahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002809
GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00003Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011019
K-119517Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011019
K-119517Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011019
LP2018-7/2020Magyar Tudományos Akadémiahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003825
UNSPECIFIEDMTA-ELTE Lendület Milky Way Research GroupUNSPECIFIED
67.177-21/2016City of SzombathelyUNSPECIFIED
2/0031/18 Slovenská Akadémia Viedhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010783
2013-016-R.0Agenzia Spaziale Italianahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003981

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