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Clamp-on measurements of fluid flow in small-diameter metal pipes using ultrasonic guided waves

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Dixon, Steve M., Li, Zhichao, Baker, Matt, Bushi, Xhorxh and Smith, Luke D. (2021) Clamp-on measurements of fluid flow in small-diameter metal pipes using ultrasonic guided waves. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 70 . doi:10.1109/tim.2021.3120142

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3120142

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Abstract

Clamp-on ultrasonic transit time difference is used extensively to calculate the volumetric flow rate of a fluid through a pipe. The operating principle is that waves traveling along a path that is generally against the flow direction take longer to travel the same path than waves traveling along the same path in the opposite direction. The transit time difference between the waves traveling in opposite directions can be used to calculate the flow rate through the pipe, by applying suitable mathematical correction factors. The approach is non-disruptive and noninvasive and can be retrospectively fit to pipes and easily relocated to different positions. When ultrasonic clamp-on transducers are attached to pipes with diameters of less than 30 mm and a wall thickness of less than a few millimeters, the resulting guided waves can appear confusing and produce very different signals to those observed on larger diameter pipes. The experimentally observed behavior of these guided waves in fluid-filled, small-diameter pipes is analyzed, modeled, and explained. Experiments are performed in copper pipes of sizes that are commonly used in buildings, and accurate measurements of water flow rates are taken down to a few milliliters per second. This technique presents new possibilities for smart metering of water supplies, where the positioning of the small clamp-on transducers is not sensitive to the variations in water temperature, and low-power electronics can be used.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: Q Science > QC Physics
T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
Divisions: Faculty of Science > Engineering
Faculty of Science > Physics
SWORD Depositor: Library Publications Router
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Fluid dynamics , Ultrasonic waves -- Measurement, Transducers , Fluid dynamic measurements
Journal or Publication Title: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
Publisher: IEEE
ISSN: 0018-9456
Official Date: 14 October 2021
Dates:
DateEvent
14 October 2021Available
29 September 2021Accepted
Volume: 70
DOI: 10.1109/tim.2021.3120142
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Open Access
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
EP/R511808/1[EPSRC] Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000266

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