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Clamp-on measurements of fluid flow in small-diameter metal pipes using ultrasonic guided waves
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Dixon, Steve M., Li, Zhichao, Baker, Matt, Bushi, Xhorxh and Smith, Luke (2021) Clamp-on measurements of fluid flow in small-diameter metal pipes using ultrasonic guided waves. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 70 . doi:10.1109/tim.2021.3120142 ISSN 0018-9456.
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WRAP-clamp-on-measurements-fluid-flow-small-diameter-metal-pipes-using-ultrasonic-guided-waves-2021.pdf - Published Version - Requires a PDF viewer. Available under License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. Download (1014Kb) | Preview |
Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3120142
Abstract
Clamp-on ultrasonic transit time difference is used extensively to calculate the volumetric flow rate of a fluid through a pipe. The operating principle is that waves traveling along a path that is generally against the flow direction take longer to travel the same path than waves traveling along the same path in the opposite direction. The transit time difference between the waves traveling in opposite directions can be used to calculate the flow rate through the pipe, by applying suitable mathematical correction factors. The approach is non-disruptive and noninvasive and can be retrospectively fit to pipes and easily relocated to different positions. When ultrasonic clamp-on transducers are attached to pipes with diameters of less than 30 mm and a wall thickness of less than a few millimeters, the resulting guided waves can appear confusing and produce very different signals to those observed on larger diameter pipes. The experimentally observed behavior of these guided waves in fluid-filled, small-diameter pipes is analyzed, modeled, and explained. Experiments are performed in copper pipes of sizes that are commonly used in buildings, and accurate measurements of water flow rates are taken down to a few milliliters per second. This technique presents new possibilities for smart metering of water supplies, where the positioning of the small clamp-on transducers is not sensitive to the variations in water temperature, and low-power electronics can be used.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||
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| Subjects: | Q Science > QC Physics T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > Engineering Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Physics |
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| SWORD Depositor: | Library Publications Router | ||||||
| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Fluid dynamics , Ultrasonic waves -- Measurement, Transducers , Fluid dynamic measurements | ||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement | ||||||
| Publisher: | IEEE | ||||||
| ISSN: | 0018-9456 | ||||||
| Official Date: | 14 October 2021 | ||||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 70 | ||||||
| DOI: | 10.1109/tim.2021.3120142 | ||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | ||||||
| Date of first compliant deposit: | 20 January 2022 | ||||||
| Date of first compliant Open Access: | 24 January 2022 | ||||||
| RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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